DESIGNING WRISTBANDS AS A WALKING AID FOR THE ARDUINO NANO-BASED VISUALLY IMPAIRED

― In the 4.0 era, walking aids for the visually impaired are needed, especially when the user is indoors and outdoors. There are already many tools created, one of which the author wants to make is a wristband. Components include: Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04, Arduino Nano, Servo SG90 Motor, and Buzzer. The stages in this study are designing hardware, designing programs, and implementing and testing tools. The testing carried out on this tool is to read the results of objects with distances of 80cm, 90cm, 100cm, 110cm and 120cm. Not only did it test the distance, it also tested the rotation angle performed by the servo motor to drive ultrasonic sensors by 0 o, 60 o, and 120 o. It aims to be able to detect in any direction. The results of this tool test have a repeatability rate of 98%, as well as a 97.33% success rate for detecting objects.


INTRODUCTION
People with visual disabilities need navigation aids to know the environment when going about their daily activities, especially when they are walking. For the visually impaired, of course this becomes an obstacle.
At this time, there are many technologies that are made specifically to help the visually impaired make it easier for them to do business. One example of a tool that has been created is a blind stick (Andreas, 2017). The way the tool works is when the ultrasonic sensor detects a hitch then the sensor sends a signal to the Arduino Nano microcontroller and a sound alert via buzzer. But the stick still has many drawbacks, namely the limitations in detection in one direction only, in addition if the stick falls will cause damage to the sensor.
Several similar studies were also conducted by Setyo et al in 2016 (Setyo, 2016) under the title Handsight : Hand Mounted Device to help the Ultrasonic and Arduinobased Blind. In this study, two HC-SR04 sensors were used as distance detection sensors on the front right and front left sides, two servo motors as indicators of obstructions on the right and left and a buzzer as sound indicators. This tool is in the form of gloves worn by the visually impaired. Other research also made walking aids in the form of electronic glasses (Muhammad Nur Meizani, 2015).
According to the background above the author wants to make a new innovation that is to turn the stick into a bracelet that is more efficient, can detect any direction, and not easily fall, and use the components of the tool more effectively and efficiently. It is equipped with HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, and buzzer sound output.

d. Scope
The scope in this study is:

A. Variables and Definitions of Variable Operations
The free variable in this study was the Ultrasonic Sensor. The Operational Definition of Free Variables is a wristband that can be used by the visually impaired to help with indoor and outdoor walking.
A variable tied to this study is the ability of sensors to detect distances with objects in front of them. While the Variable Operational Definition of a bound variable is when the wristband approaches the object then the buzzer will sound, so as to warn the visually impaired not to crash into the object.

B. Data Analysis Method
The method of data collection used is the observation method and documentation used to observe the results of the trial and study the references related to the design of the tool. While as a method of data analysis is a descriptive analysis method that describes the results of trials include: a. Ultrasonic sensor trial results, used to measure distance and detect objects in front of them.
b. Test the ability of Arduino nano as a servo motor processor and ultrasonic sensor. c. Buzzer as a tool output when it detects an object that is in front of it.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this section is discussed about testing based on the planning of the system created. Testing is carried out to find out how the system works and to see if the device is in line with planning. After the stage of making wristbands as a walking aid for the visually impaired is completed, then the next stage is the testing phase of the tool.
As for testing data and precision (Repeatability) at angles 0 o, 60 o, and 120 o. in the simulation experiment are as follows:  The authors will also take success testing data from the auxiliary wristband. The data retrieval of the success testing tool is presented in the table below: :