Effect of Fish Oil on Anxiety in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36456/embrio.v17i1.9828Keywords:
Gestational Diabetes, Pregnant, Anxiety, Fish OilAbstract
East Java has the fourth-highest number of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus among all provinces in Indonesia. While there were 65 pregnant women at the Kediri District Hospital, there were as many as 57 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus at the Aura Syifa Hospital during the study. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in ω-3 are unsaturated fatty acids recognized as essential for child development and recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. This study aims to see the effect of fish oil supplementation on anxiety levels in pregnant women with GDM. The fish oil product used is "Healthy Care Fish Oil 1000 mg Omega-3," which was registered by the BPOM on February 8, 2021. It has also been certified as halal by MUI. This research used a quasi-experimental design and a pre-test-post-test control group design with a sample of 60 people obtained from a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire that tested validity and Reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.446 to 0.837 (r table equal 0.444). The study's findings showed that the respondents who obtained fish oil had better results than the control group, with a difference of 4,700 plus or minus 7,415 in anxiety levels. Statistical tests showed ρ value equal to 0.002, less than a equal 0.05, so there was a notable distinction between the two groups. The results of the data analysis show that the use of fish oil for anxiety in pregnant women is effective in reducing the level of anxiety in the control group in the Kediri District area.
References
Alfadhli, E. M. (2015). Gestational diabetes mellitus. Saudi Medical Journal, 36(4), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.4.10307
Anggraeni, F. D., Utami, N. W., & Rahmawati, D. (2022). Hubungan Antara Paritas Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Di Griya Arin, Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Dan Lingkungan Hidup, 7(2), 183–187. https://doi.org/10.51544/jkmlh.v7i2.3522
Asih, N. W. Y., Ariyani, N. W., Darmapatni, M. W. G., Lindayani, I. K., & Somoyani, N. K. (2021). Gambaran Tingkat Kecemasan Menjelang Persalinan pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III di Puskesmas II Dinas Kesehatan Kecamatan Denpasar Barat. Jurnal Infokes Informasi Kesehtan, 11(2), 404–412. https://doi.org/10.30643/info%20kesehatan.v11i2.259
Burhani, M. D., & Rasenick, M. M. (2015). Fish oil and depression: The skinny on fats. Cancer Cell, 2(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIN-170072.Fish
Chen, P., Wang, S., Ji, J., Ge, A., Chen, C., Zhu, Y., Xie, N., & Wang, Y. (2015). Risk Factors and Management of Gestational Diabetes. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 71(2), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-0248-2
Damaiyanti, D. W., Tsai, Z.-Y., Masbuchin, A. N., Huang, C.-Y., & Liu, P.-Y. (2023). Interplay between fish oil, obesity.pdf (pp. 528–539). Journal Formosan Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2023.03.013
Devarshi, P. P., Grant, R. W., Ikonte, C. J., & Hazels Mitmesser, S. (2019). Maternal Omega-3 Nutrition , Placental Transfer and. Nutrients, 11(5), 1107–1119. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051107
Elshani, B., Kotori, V., & Daci, A. (2021). Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in gestational diabetes, maternal and fetal insights: current use and future directions. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 34(1), 124–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1593361
Fiksdal, A., Hanlin, L., Kuras, Y., Gianferante, D., Chen, X., V.Thoma, M., & Nic. (2017). HHS Public Access. Physiology & Behavior, 176(1), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.035.Associations
Fitri Jeharut, A., Hepilita, Y., Fredi Daar, G., Sarjana Keperawatan FIKP Unika St Paulus Ruteng Jl Jend Ahmad Yani, P., & Flores, R. (2021). Literatur Review : Hubungan Kecemasan Dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. 48 Jwk, 6(1), 2548–4702.
Gian, N. A., Virani, D., Syam, A., Hidayanty, H., & Rachmat, M. (2021). Asupan Omega-3 Dan Kejadian Common Mental Disorders Pada Mahasiswa. JGMI : The Jurnal of Indonesian Community Nutrition, 10(2), 159–172. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mgmi/article/view/18976/7693
Haiti, M., Anggraini, N., Christyawardani, L. S., & Manurung, A. (2022). Usaha Preventif Dm Gestasional Dan Anxiestas Pada Ibu Hamil. LOYALITAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.30739/loyalitas.v5i2.1690
Hanifah, D. (2019). Faktor- Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan Antenatal. JKM (Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati), 5(1). https://doi.org/10.33024/jkm.v5i1.888
Huang, S., Fu, J., Zhao, R., Wang, B., Zhang, M., Li, L., & Shi, C. (2021). The effect of combined supplementation with vitamin d and omega-3 fatty acids on blood glucose and blood lipid levels in patients with gestational diabetes. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 10(5), 5652–5658. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-1018
IDF. (2021). International Diabetes Federation. In E. J. Boyko, D. J. Magliano, S. Kururanga, L. Piemonte, P. Riley, P. Saeedi, & H. Sun (Eds.), Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (10th ed., Vol. 102, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.10.013
Jääskeläinen, T., & Klemetti, M. M. (2022). Genetic Risk Factors and Gene–Lifestyle Interactions in Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients, 14(22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224799
Kawasaki, M., Arata, N., Sugiyama, T., Moriya, T., Itakura, A., Yasuhi, I., Uchigata, Y., Kawasaki, E., Sone, H., & Hiramatsu, Y. (2023). Risk of fetal undergrowth in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus in Japan. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 14(4), 614–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13977
Kemenkes RI. (2018). Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Kundarti, F. I., & Komalyna, I. N. T. (2023). Hypnotherapy Intervention Can Reducing Anxiety and Cortisol in Pregnancy. Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 17(1), 114–123. https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v17i1.2095
Kurniawan, F. (2017). Komplikasi Diabetes Gestasional pada Ibu dan Bayi Baru Lahir. Indonesian Medical Education and Restarch Institute, 2–10. http://www.p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/dokumen-ptm/diabetes-melitus-gestasional-dr-farid-kurniawan
Larrieu, T., & Layé, S. (2018). Food for mood: Relevance of nutritional omega-3 fatty acids for depression and anxiety. Frontiers in Physiology, 9(AUG), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01047
McIntyre, H. D., Catalano, P., Zhang, C., Desoye, G., Mathiesen, E. R., & Damm, P. (2019). Gestational diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0098-8
Mudra, S., Göbel, A., Barthel, D., Hecher, K., Schulte-Markwort, M., Goletzke, J., Arck, P., & Diemert, A. (2019). Psychometric properties of the German version of the pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire-revised 2 (PRAQ-R2) in the third trimester of pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2368-6
Munawarah, Z., Utami, P. P., & Fujiyanti, M. (2020). Hubungan Antar Diabetes Melitus Gestasional dengan Hipertensi Pada Ibu Hamil di Poli Kandungan RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri. Jurnal Ilmu Kebidanan, 8(2), 74–79.
Ostadrahimi, A., Mohammad-Alizadeh, S., Mirgafourvand, M., Yaghoubi, S., Shahrisa, E., & Farshbaf-Khalili, A. (2016). Effects of fish oil supplementation on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A systematic review. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(11). https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.24690
Putri, W. C. C., Meray, N. W., & Utami, I. W. (2021). Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Ikan terhadap Hasil Terapi Pasien Skizofrenia Rawat Inap Berdasarkan Skala PANSS The Effect of Fish Oil Administration on the Therapeutic Outcome of Schizophrenic Inpatients Based on the PANSS Scale. J. Sains Kes, 3(6), 795. https://jsk.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JSK/article/view/417
Setiawati, I., Qomari, S. N., & Daniati, D. (2022). Hubungan Paritas, usia kehamilan dan pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil di Puskesmas Trageh. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kebidanan Dan Kandungan, 14(3), 154–160. https://stikes-nhm.e-journal.id/JOB/article/download/792/788
Supadmi, S., Kusrini, I., & Kusumawardani, H. D. (2020). The influence of iron depletion and chronic energy deficiency on the risk of hypothyroidism in pregnant women living in iodine deficiency disorders endemic areas in Badegan Ponorogo district east Java, Indonesia. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 66, S456–S462. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.66.S456
Sweeting, A., Wong, J., Murphy, H. R., & Ross, G. P. (2022). A Clinical Update on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Endocrine Reviews, 43(5), 763–793. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnac003
Verly-Miguel, M. V. B., Farias, D. R., Pinto, T. de J. P., Lepsch, J., Nardi, A. E., & Kac, G. (2015). Serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is inversely associated with anxiety disorders in early pregnancy. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 30, 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.12.002
Wardani, H. W., Agustina, R., & Astika, E. (2018). TINGKAT KECEMASAN DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR IBU HAMIL PRIMIGRAVIDA TRIMESTER III. Dunia Keperawatan, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v2i2.940
Weigl, T., Brunton, R., Dryer, R., & Garthus-Niegel, S. (2023). Validation of the German version of the pregnancy-related anxiety scale (PrAS): psychometric properties across all trimesters of pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05787-z
WHO. (2023). Protein-energy malnutrition - Bubble plot comparing country or area burden. World Health Organization. https://platform.who.int/mortality/themes/theme-details/topics/topic-details/MDB/nutritional-deficiencies
Yanti, Y. D. (2019). DIABETES MELLITUS DALAM KEHAMILAN. Proceeding Book, 1st International Conference for Midwives (ICMid). The Role of Master Of Midwifery in Developing Education and Midwifery Service, 129–152.https:/doi.org/10.7591/9780801469121-013
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jerika Yolanda Anindyanti, Finta isti kundarti, Sumy Dwi Antono, Lumastari Ajeng Wijayanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
