Kearifan Lokal Bunga Telang dalam Pengembangan Sabun Mandi Kombucha sebagai Produk Bioteknologi Farmasi: Perbandingan Daya Hambat Staphylococcus hominis pada Ketiak Ibu Hamil dan Ibu Menyusui

Abstract

Background : Staphylococcus hominis is a common commensal bacterium found on human skin and is associated with body odor due to its ability to metabolize components of sweat. Under certain conditions, this bacterium may also act as an opportunistic pathogen. The increasing demand for natural and locally sourced antiseptic products has encouraged the exploration of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) kombucha as a potential antibacterial ingredient. Butterfly pea kombucha contains organic acids produced during fermentation, as well as anthocyanins and flavonoids derived from butterfly pea flowers, which may contribute to antimicrobial activity. Incorporating butterfly pea kombucha into liquid soap may therefore provide a potential natural-based pharmaceutical biotechnology product for controlling skin-associated bacteria. Objective : This study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) kombucha soap at different concentrations against S. hominis isolated from the axilla of pregnant and breastfeeding women. Methods : An experimental laboratory study was conducted using the agar well diffusion method. Butterfly pea kombucha soap was prepared at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. S. hominis isolates obtained from the axilla of pregnant and breastfeeding women were tested against each soap concentration. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones surrounding the wells after incubation. The inhibition zones were subsequently compared between concentrations and between bacterial isolates from pregnant and breastfeeding women.Results : Butterfly pea kombucha soap demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. hominis isolated from both pregnant and breastfeeding women. The diameter of the inhibition zone increased with increasing soap concentration, with the 40% concentration producing the strongest inhibitory activity. In general, S. hominis isolates from breastfeeding women exhibited larger inhibition zones than isolates obtained from pregnant women. The antibacterial activity may be associated with the synergistic effects of organic acids generated during kombucha fermentation and bioactive compounds, particularly anthocyanins and flavonoids, present in butterfly pea flowers.Conclusion : Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) kombucha soap exhibits concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against S. hominis isolated from the axilla of pregnant and breastfeeding women. The 40% formulation showed the greatest inhibitory activity, indicating its potential for further development as a natural-based antiseptic and pharmaceutical biotechnology product. Further studies are required to evaluate formulation stability, safety, and antibacterial effectiveness under in vivo and clinical conditions.