Design and Construction of Screw Type Micro Hydro Power Plant

The development of renewable energy is growing rapidly along with technological developments. One application of renewable energy is hydroelectric power (Water Turbine Generator). This study aims to design and manufacture a MHP using a permanent magnet generator with a screw type turbine and determine the output power generated from a MHP generator using a screw type turbine. In this research, an efficient and efficient MHP with screw type turbine will be developed. This research will be implemented in Doplang Tretek, Prambon Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency. MHP is a power plant whose driving force comes from water flowing from the highlands to the lowlands. By utilizing the water discharge PLTMH can function to produce electricity which is driven through a turbine and rotates a generator. The main components of MHP are turbine, generator, and water discharge. If one of these components is not present, the MHP cannot function. By utilizing MHP we can enjoy electricity for free, the power generated by MHP is still small <0.5-100kW. From the design of the PLTMH generator using a screw type turbine the output voltage is 9 volts with a water flow of 557 m3/s. The greater the flow of water flowing in the cross section of the turbine, the faster the resulting rpm.


I. INTRODUCTION
The development of renewable energy is growing rapidly along with technological developments. One application of renewable energy is hydroelectric power (Water Turbine Generator). This is because flowing water has a flow rate that can produce kinetic energy that has torque, so that it can be used as electrical energy.
The greater the flow of water, the greater the torque produced, especially at the Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH).
The development of PLTMH in current conditions is increasingly rapid, in its development the PLTMH is currently portable with construction floating on the surface of the water utilizing kinetic energy as a source of turbine propulsion energy, it can be used at any time without large construction construction (Sihaloho, 2017). This can be implemented in an environment that has potential.
In previous studies, a screw turbine design has been obtained which is effective at the blade angle and turbine head conditions (I Putu Wahyu Indra Wedanta, 2021). In this research, an efficient and efficient MHP with screw type turbine will be developed.

II. METHODS
Tool planning will begin in July 2021, starting from the design design, material acquisition and manufacture as well as the run-up of teaching aids. So that maximum results can be obtained and do not disappoint, because it also remembers the intent and purpose of the author in making this teaching aid The following is a test block diagram of the micro hydro power plant modeling and data recording that will be carried out.

Figure. 2 Block Diagram System planning
The workings of the micro hydro power generation system are the discharge of the water channel, turning the screw on the generator, which produces electrical energy. The output of the generator is rectified through a rectifier diode. Then the power will enter the buck boost converter to charge the battery.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In this design research, it produces a product that functions as a screw type Micro Hydro Power Plant Serves as a micro-scale power plant. The potential power of water is converted into mechanical energy through a screw turbine, the turbine rotation results are coupled to an electric generator. The electrical power generated by the generator will be stored in a 12 V DC battery. From this battery it can be used for the desired needs. In the application that we use, it can be converted into an AC voltage of 220 V by using an inverter. Here is a picture of the product results:

. Water Deposit Measurement
This test is carried out to determine the potential for available water discharge in irrigation canals. This water discharge is used as a driving force for a screw turbine which will be coupled to an electric generator. The greater the flow of water, the better the turbine rotation produced. The crosssectional area can be known from the width of the river surface and its height.

Screw Turbine Rotation Test
In the turbine rotation test, it is carried out to determine the thrust generated by the water discharge against the rotating power of the screw turbine.  Electrical Generator Output Voltage Test The generator used in this design is a permanent magnet DC generator. Where the generator has an output that is limited to the magnitude of the magnetic value of the magnet itself. The voltage generated from the generator comes from the magnetic flux that passes through the generator coil, the voltage is connected through the commutator ring using a carbon brush. From table 2, the line diagram can be obtained as follows: This test is to determine the current output that can be generated by the generator. The tool used to measure electric current is an ampere meter, to use it it can be connected in series with the generator output.  Electric Generator Power Test Testing on this tool is carried out to determine the electrical power produced by the MHP that has been made. The screw turbine will be given a water discharge so that it can rotate an electric generator, from the generator an electrical power output will be obtained.   Figure. 10 Diagram of water discharge against electric power IV. CONCLUSIONS Research that has been carried out in the design of micro hydro power plants with screw type torque produced from screw turbines depends on the cross-sectional area, the larger the cross-sectional area, the greater the torque generated. From the research obtained in the field, this research can be concluded as follows: 1. From the design of the PLTMH generator using a screw type turbine, the output voltage is 9 volts with a water flow of 557 m3/s. 2. The greater the flow of water flowing in the cross section of the turbine, the faster the resulting rpm.