Embrio : Jurnal Kebidanan

Relationship between Knowledge and Covid-19 Preventive Measures among Pregnant Women

Safitri Safitri — 2022-11-04

Covid-19 is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has become a pandemic worldwide. Covid-19 has infected the entire world population including pregnant women. The vulnerability of pregnant women to infectious diseases is due to changes in body physiology and immune response mechanisms. One of the causes of transmission of Covid-19 in pregnant women is the lack of knowledge regarding Covid-19 and its prevention. This study mainly aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and Covid-19 preventive measures among pregnant women in Jambi City. This was an analytical observational study with cross-sectional design. The study population involved all pregnant women in Jambi City, with a total sample of 100 pregnant women, who were selected using a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using online questionnaire from December 2020 to March 2021. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results of this study showed that knowledge had a significant relationship with Covid-19 preventive measures among pregnant women in Jambi City with a p-value of 0.001 (OR=4.943). Based on the results of this study, it is expected that healthcare workers can provide health education to prevent the risk of Covid-19 transmission among at-risk groups.

Relationship between the Use of Social Media and Knowledge on the Impact of Premarital Sexual Behavior during the Covid-19 Pandemic among Adolescents at SMA Negeri 10 Semarang

Diajeng Prasasti — 2022-11-04

Social media usage has increased by 40% during the Covid-19 pandemic since many people use social media to communicate during the pandemic. This increase in use has an impact on adolescents in the form of negative access to social media which has triggered various negative behaviors among adolescents. This study aims to determine the use of social media in seeking information regarding the impact of knowledge on premarital sexual behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is expected that data regarding adolescents' knowledge on the use of social media can be a reference for content creators/writers on social media in a positive and more positive direction. Innovative to be easily accepted by teenagers. This was a quantitative analytic study with correlational design to determine the relationship between daily use of social media during the Covid-19 pandemic and knowledge on the impact of premarital sexual behavior among adolescents. The samples involved 88 students who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test. It was found that 50 respondents (56.8%) who used social media to find information on the impact of premarital sexual behavior had good knowledge and 7 respondents (7.95%) had poor knowledge. Meanwhile, 20 respondents (22.7%) who did not use social media to find information on the impact of premarital sexual behavior had poor knowledge and 11 respondents (12.5%) had good knowledge. Analysis through Chi Square test obtained a p-value of 0.001 and correlation coefficient (r) 0.829 (>0.60). Therefore, it can be concluded that there was a significant relationship between the use of social media and knowledge on the impact of premarital sexual behavior among adolescents.

Anxiety of Pregnant Women and Determination of Maternity Health Care Facility during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hilda Sulistia Alam — 2022-11-04

There are physical and psychological changes during pregnancy experienced by pregnant women. Anxiety often increases before delivery, especially in the third trimester. During pregnancy, COVID-19 can contribute to a woman's mental health issues. Anxiety is often experienced regarding previous birth and delivery, fear of becoming infected with COVID-19 and transmitting it to others, and information obtained from social media regarding the susceptibility of pregnant women to COVID-19. Anxiety will impact decision making, especially concerning the selection of maternity health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a quantitative analytical study with cross-sectional design through survey methodology that was conducted July-November 2021 in the work area of 3 Community Health Centers (Betoambari, Katobengke and Kadolomoko) at Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi. 72 pregnant women in the third trimester who were recorded in the MCH book were selected as the study samples through probability sampling technique. This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety of pregnant women and the type of maternity health care facility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) questionnaire. The results of data analysis using the Chi-Square test obtained a p=0.001<α=0.05. There was a relationship between anxiety of pregnant women and the type of health care facility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women with severe anxiety chose Private Practice Midwife (16.6%), women with moderate anxiety chose CHC (15.2%) and women with mild anxiety chose hospital (12.5%) as a maternity health care facility during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Difference in the Effectiveness of Dysmenorrhea Exercise and Warm Compress to Relieve Menstrual Pain

Vera Iriani Abdullah — 2022-11-04

Dysmenorrhea is a common complaint experienced before or during a woman’s period. Dysmenorrhea can be treated by applying pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to relief pain. Pharmacological intervention involves administration of pain medication, while non-pharmacological intervention involves Dysmenorrhea exercise and warm compress. This study aims to determine the difference in the effectiveness of dysmenorrhea exercise and warm compress to relieve menstrual pain. This was a quasi-experimental study with post-test two groups design. 20 samples were selected using purposive sampling technique and assigned into 2 groups. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney statistical test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in effectiveness between Dysmenorrhea exercise and warm compress to relieve menstrual pain, with a p-value of 0.127>0.05. It can be concluded that there was no difference in effectiveness between Dysmenorrhea exercise and warm compress. However, based on the score, it was revealed that warm compress was more effective in relieving menstrual pain than Dysmenorrhea exercise.

Auricular Acupuncture on Uterine Point on PGF2α Levels and First-Stage of Labor Duration among Primigravida Women

Setiawandari Setiawandari — 2022-11-04

Duration of labor is influenced by four factors, including the power or uterus contraction. Labor contractions begin with a decrease in the progesterone hormone levels and an increase in the oxytocin hormone levels which is initiated by prostaglandins (PGF_2α). Auricular acupuncture on uterine point is located in the triangular fossa which is innervated by the trigeminal nerve and the vagus nerve. Stimulation on the uterine point can send a wave of stimulation to the central nervous system in the posterior hypothalamus to produce oxytocin. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of auricular acupuncture on uterine point on PGF_2α levels and the duration of the first stage of labor among primigravida women. This was a true experimental study with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The total sample of the study was 48 women in labor who were selected through a randomized control trial and met the inclusion criteria of low-risk pregnancy. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests. The results of the study revealed that auricular acupuncture on uterine point significantly increased PGF_2α levels (ρ=0.002), (201.29±132.916) compared to the deep-breath relaxation group 132.08±93.530. Auricular acupuncture on uterine point was proven to shorten the duration of the first stage of labor (440.3 ± 72.94; 440.00) when compared to the deep breathing relaxation group (517.6 ± 101.00; 507.50) with a very significant difference (ρ=0.004). In conclusion, auricular acupuncture on uterine point was effective in shortening the duration of labor by increasing PGF_2α levels.

Development of “Alat Bantu Pengambilan Keputusan ber-KB” Application

Erni Dwi Widyana — 2022-11-04

Women of childbearing age are very vulnerable to having difficulty in determining a proper contraceptive method due to poor knowledge about the safety of these contraceptive methods. Counseling with Decision-Making Aids is an important thing in the provision of family planning services. WHO has developed Decision-Making Tool as a manual family planning decision aid which was adapted by BKKBN and STARH as “Alat Bantu Pengambilan Keputusan ber-KB”. Such tool is made in the form of a booklet with two sides which is still rarely used by midwives when conducting family planning counseling. This study aims to analyze the results of trial on application-based "ABPK" product. This was a study with the Research and Development method. The study population was all midwives who provided family planning services as many as 10 people and Women of Childbearing Age who visited Sukorejo Community Health Center, Pasuruan for family planning service in August–October 2020 as many as 40 people. The samples involved Women of Childbearing Age who met the inclusion criteria selected with total sampling. The study instrument used here was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis technique. The results of the study showed that the developed "ABPK ber-KB" application was considered good and feasible to be used as a counseling media with a value of 86%. In addition, this android-based application medium was relatively easy to use, more interesting, and informative.

Analysis of Factors Related to Behavior towards Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Test among Women of Childbearing Age and Elderly Women

Dewi Novitasari Suhaid — 2022-11-04

Cervical cancer is second leading cause of mortality among women. Cervical cancer is caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. 70% of patients with cervical cancer come to health services in advanced staged, even though if symptoms are detected earlier. 43% of cancer disease can be prevented and ⅓ of cases can be cured when the symptoms are detected early. The simplest early detection, which effective and efficient for detection of cervical cancer is Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) test. However, almost 50% of patients who were diagnosed cervical cancer never had VIA test before. This study aims to analyze factors related to behavior towards VIA test among women of childbearing age and in elderly women. Case control study was conducted among 181 participants based on the inclusion criteria of women aged >15 years old and married or ever had sexual intercourse. Rasch model test, t-test, chi square test and logistic regression were applied to analyze the data. The analysis results showed that there was a significant relationship between the age at first marriage, marriage frequency and knowledge with behavior towards VIA test. An individual’s chance of not having VIA test by criteria of first married age of <20 years old, getting married >1 time, having low motivation and less knowledge was 94%. It can be concluded that knowledge was dominant factor related behavior towards VIA test.

Effect of Acupressure at ST 36 & SP 6 Points on Hemoglobin Levels among Adolescent Girls: Preliminary Study

Nyna Puspita Ningrum — 2022-11-04

Menstruation is one of signs of puberty in adolescent girls. The process of menstruation often affects hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls regarding the incidence of anemia and may also have a negative effect on the growth and development of adolescent girls. In addition to the iron tablet supplementation program, several non-pharmacological methods can be applied as an alternative to increase hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls with anemia, one of which is acupuncture and acupressure methods. This was a pre-experimental study with a one group pretest posttest design. The population involved 25 adolescent girls at Taruna Pembangunan Intensive High School in Surabaya according to the inclusion criteria. In further stage, the samples were trained how to perform acupressure at Zusanli (ST36) point and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) point every 2 days for 10 minutes which was carried out for 2 months from September to November 2021. Data that had been collected were tested for homogeneity and analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Before acupressure, almost half of the respondents had Hb levels of 11-12 mmHg (44%), and 7 respondents had Hb levels of <11 mmHg. After acupressure therapy, more than half of the respondents had Hb levels of 13-14 mmHg (53%). The Wilcoxon signed rank test obtained a p value = 0.000 (<0.05) which meant that there was a difference between Hb levels in pre-test and post-test. Thus, it can be concluded that there was an effect of acupressure at ST36 and SP 6 points on the increase in hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls. However, there is a need for further research on acupressure method which involved more samples and subjects with different levels of anemia, so as to confirm the effectiveness of acupressure on the increase in hemoglobin levels.

Relationship between Perceived Severity and Compliance with COVID-19 Preventive Behavior among Pregnant Women

Annisa Nurrachmawati — 2022-11-04

Several risk groups, one of which is pregnant women are susceptible COVID-19. Pregnancy is known as a susceptible condition to COVID-19 infection because it could cause immunity decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to comply with COVID-19 preventive behavior. This study aims to analyze the relationship between perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived obstacle, perceived benefit and self-efficacy with COVID-19 preventive behavior among pregnant women in the work area of Sempaja Community Health Center. This was an observational study with cross sectional design. Samples were selected using purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria of pregnant women who lived and registered in the determined work area and had gestational age of more than 12 weeks. There were 194 pregnant women involved as the study samples. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank Test. The bivariate analysis revealed that there was relationship between self-efficacy (p value of 0.000), perceived barrier (p value of 0.025), perceived benefit (p value of 0.000), and perceived severity (p value of 0.000) with compliance with COVID-19 preventive behavior. However, there was no relationship between perceived susceptibility and compliance with COVID-19 preventive behavior (p value of 0.287). It can be concluded that the better perception of pregnant women, the better compliance with COVID-19 preventive behavior. It is recommended to increase health promotion in order to keep compliance with COVID-19 preventive behavior.

Effect of Back Massage on the Intensity of Labor Pain

Inayatul Aini — 2022-11-04

Labor is the process of expulsion of the fetus the uterus through the birth canal. Every woman labor must experience labor pain. Labor pain is physiological because it is caused by uterine distension and cervical dilation. Based on a preliminary study among 6 women in labor, 100% of respondents experienced pain, 33.3% of respondents responded to the pain by grinning and hissing, and were able to follow orders provided by healthcare workers well. 50% of respondents responded to pain by shouting, crying, and sometimes were able to follow orders provided by healthcare workers. Furthermore, 16.7% of respondents responded to pain by crying hysterically, screaming and pulling nearby objects. This study aims to analyze the effect of back massage in reducing pain intensity during the active phase of the first stage labor. This was a pre-experimental study with a pretest post-test one group design. Data were collected using an observation sheet. Study samples were primiparous and multiparous women in the active phase of the first stage of labor (20) at Private Practice Midwife of Mrs. "I" Mancar Peterongan Jombang. Samples were selected through accidental sampling technique. Before the back massage was performed, most of respondents experienced very severe pain (40%). After back massage, most of respondents experienced moderate pain (50%). Spearman's Rank correlation test obtained Spearman's Rank count of (0.6)>Spearman's Rank table of 0.4 which indicated that there was an effect of back massage in reducing pain intensity during the active phase of the first stage of labor. It can be concluded that the intensity of labor pain could be reduced by applying back massage.

Husband's Role in Perinatal Depression during the New Normal Period of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Sewon Sub-District

Sylvi Wafda Nur Amelia — 2022-11-04

The Covid-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the welfare and health of the community, which also lead to a perinatal mental health problem. Perinatal depression is not only due to hormonal fluctuations experienced by perinatal women, but also by the emotional challenges of having to keep a vulnerable newborn baby alive, while the mother gets little rest. Since a woman often lacks rest, the husband's participation in perinatal care can reduce stress on perinatal women. This study aims to determine the relationship between husband's participation and the incidence of perinatal depression during the Covid-19 pandemic. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional approach. The study population involved perinatal women and their husbands in Sewon Sub-District. Twenty-eight perinatal women lived in Sewon Sub-District participated in this study. The samples of 0-1month postpartum women were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using chi square test. The results revealed that 51.4% respondents had mild postpartum depression because their husbands participated in infant care. The chi-square value was 17,754 (higher than X2 table of 5.591) with a p-value of 0.000<0.05. Thus, Ho was rejected, meaning that there was a relationship between husband's participation in infant care and postpartum depression in Sewon Sub-District.

Implications of Prenatal Gentle Yoga on Low Back Pain among Women in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy

Indriyani Makmun — 2022-11-04

Back pain during pregnancy is caused by changes in anatomical and hormonal structures. Anatomical changes occur because the role of the spine which is getting heavier to balance the body due to the enlargement of the uterus and fetus. Another cause is an increase in the relaxin hormone which causes the spinal ligaments to be unstable so that it is easy to clamp blood vessels and nerve fibers. This study was conducted by applying prenatal gentle yoga. Yoga movements were carried out for 60 minutes so as to reduce low back pain that is often experienced by pregnant women in the II and III trimesters. This was a Quasi-Experimental study with one group non-equivalent pre-test post-test design. The study samples of 30 women in the II and III trimesters of pregnancy who experienced back pain were selected through total sampling technique. The study was conducted from March to May 2022. The results of the study showed that there was a difference in the mean value before and after being given prenatal gentle yoga intervention in reducing low back pain among women in the II and III trimesters of pregnancy, with a p-value of 0.000<0.005. It is recommended that prenatal gentle yoga can be implemented among pregnant women since yoga movements can help pregnant women in managing breathing, preparing for the delivery process and can reduce the symptoms of complaints that are often experienced by pregnant women.

Analysis of Health Belief Model regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Female Employees at Sukabumi Regency Government

Aninda Nurul Lita — 2022-11-04

The high rate of cervical cancer case confirms it as the second most common cancer in Indonesia which required specific management and primary prevention efforts for everyone. The appeal issued by the Ministry of Health regarding HPV vaccination which will be mandatory as an effort to reduce cervical cancer rates in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the health belief model as the influential factor for the willingness to get HPV vaccination as an effort to prevent cervical cancer among female employees in Sukabumi Regency government in 2022. This was a quantitative study with cross-sectional design. Data were collected among 213 respondents who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that 50.7% of respondents were willing to get HPV vaccination. Meanwhile, 49,3% of respondents were not willing to get HPV vaccination. There was a relationship between perceived susceptibility, benefit, obstacle, cues to action, and self-efficacy with the willingness to get HPV vaccination. Meanwhile, the perceived severity was not related to the willingness to get HPV vaccination. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that cues to action (POR=5,477; 95% CI=2,6-11,2) had the most significant effect on willingness to get HPV vaccination. It is expected that the current study can be used as an input for the government of Sukabumi Regency to plan for health promotion programs for every agency regarding cervical cancer, especially HPV vaccination.

Analysis of Factors Related to Stunting Among Children Aged 6-24 Months in Central Jakarta

Dyah Woro Kartiko Kusumo Wardani — 2022-11-04

Stunting is a condition in which children aged 0-5 years have height-for-age with a z-score of below -2SD based on growth standards according to WHO, which occurs at the age of 0-5 years. Stunting condition may result in the inhibition of cognitive and motor development so as to create a generation that is less competitive and have disrupted metabolic system and they are at risk of various diseases. The causes of stunting are multi-dimensional factors such as birth length and genetics, maternal height, economic status, level of education and child care patterns. This study aims to analyze factors related to the incidence of stunting among children aged 6-24 months in Central Jakarta with a cross sectional study using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests. The results showed that there was no relationship between education, age, family income, gestational age, BMI, newborn length and exclusive breastfeeding with stunting (P>0.05). In contrast, there was a relationship between maternal height and stunting (p <0.05). Furthermore, the results of regression test showed that the most dominant influential factor on the incidence of stunting was maternal height.

Effectiveness of Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaf Extract Pills to Increase Breast Milk Production among Breastfeeding Women at Private Practice Midwife M Palangka Raya

Sofia Mawaddah — 2022-11-04

Breast milk contains substances that are important and sufficient for the growth and development of infants. One of the efforts that can be performed to increase the rate of secretion and production of breast milk is through various types of (processed) food made from papaya leaves (Carica papaya). Papaya plants are widely grown throughout the tropics which contain the quercetin compound as a breast milk stimulant. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf extract pills to increase breast milk production among breastfeeding women. This was a pre-experimental study with One Group Pre-Test and Post-Test design. The population involved all women who exclusively breastfed infants aged 0-6 months at Private Practice Midwife Made, Palangka Raya City. The study samples consisted of 33 respondents who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Paired sample T Test. The study results obtained z-statistics value of -5.011 with a probability of 0.000. Such findings showed that the probability value was < level of significance (a=5%). Thus, it can be concluded that there was a significant difference in infant weight before and after administration of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf extract pills among breastfeeding women.

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) on the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Levels among Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Intiyaswati — 2022-11-30

Ethanol extract of red beetroot (Beta Vulgaris L.) contains chemical compounds of ascorbic acid, carotenoite, phenolic acid, betalain, and favonoids. Red beetroot supplements can prevent oxidative damage to the structure of DNA, lipids and proteins in vitro. This study aims to prove that the ethanol extract of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has an effect on increasing FSH levels among female white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. This was a True Experimental study with the post-test only control group design. The current study involved 25 female rats which were assigned into 5 groups: negative control, positive control, treatment I, II and III. The doses of red beetroot extract used were PI (125 mg/kgBW/day), PII (250 mg/kgBW/day), and PIII (500 mg/kgBW/day). Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA with p-value of FSH (p = 0.000). The results of the study proved that administration of red beetroot ethanol extract at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW/day could increase the ovarian FSH levels among female rats exposed to cigarette smoke.