TINJAUAN MENDALAM TENTANG VARIASI INDIVIDUAL: KETERKAITAN ANTARA INTELIGENSI, GAYA BELAJAR, GAYA BERPIKIR, KEPRIBADIAN, DAN TEMPERAMEN

DEPTH REVIEW OF INDIVIDUAL VARIATIONS: THE RELATIONSHIP OF BETWEEN INTELLIGENCE, LEARNING STYLE, THINKING STYLE, PERSONALITY, AND TEMPERAMENT

Abstract

This paper explores the concept of “Individual Variation” by detailing four main dimensions: intelligence, learning and thinking styles, personality, and temperament, through an in-depth literature review.  In the context of intelligence, analysis of literature studies reveals a diversity of factors that influence the development of an individual's cognitive potential, including genetic factors, the environment, and the complex interactions between them.  Learning styles and thinking styles are the next focus, with the literature review providing a framework for understanding variations in learning approaches and information processing.  We highlight the contribution of recent research in addressing individual differences in learning preferences and the way individuals approach problems.  Next, a review of the literature on personality dimensions illustrates the diversity in individual psychological traits, highlighting concepts such as the Big Five Model and other approaches to understanding individual differences in behavior and responses to the environment.  Finally, the discussion of temperament is based on an in-depth understanding of a wide range of research illustrating variations in individual emotional responses.  Using a literature study approach, this paper presents the latest understanding of the complexity of "Individual Variation".  The practical implications of this knowledge are highlighted, providing a basis for the development of personalized approaches in education, psychology, and self-development.