Applied Ergonomic Design Of E-Bike WithAntropometric Approach

— Transportation is a tool that can be easiness for mobilities a thing or people from the place one to the othe place. Along with the times, transportation also develops. The one of transportation that developing is electric bike (e-bike). The development of electric bike is to improve the previous product, so that the electric bicycle that will produced is better than before as models, colors etc. when we make the electric bike design, the first thing that we do is ergonomic analytical so the product that will produced didn’t give long term effect as muscle injury and joint pain for the user. We use analitycal RULA for analytical ergonomi to our design electric bike. We take 31 samples use the database from Student of Industrial Engineering AdiBuana Surabaya College. The result of the RULA value which shows the most ergonomics is at a headtube angle of 15 ° with a RULA value of 3. This shows that the design of this electric bicycle is quite ergonomic and the design is acceptable, although to be ideal in its body posture, further analysis is needed in order to obtain a better RULA value.


I. INTRODUCTION
The development of transportation in this modern times is currently growing rapidly. A good transportation system is by considering at conditions that facilitate mobility and environmentally friendly [1]. One of the efforts to creating this environment is the development of transportation that uses electrical energy. One of the forms of transportation that uses electrical energy is an electric bicycle (E-bike). Electric bicycles are a type of transportation like other bicycles but, have an electric machine as the driving tools. Electric bicycles have been popular in the Indonesian market with various attractive designs. Electric bicycle products that commonly use in Indonesia are imported products from China such as the Yahonta and Tiger brands, but there are also some domestic products such as Xelimo and Betrix [2].
In terms of the use of electric bicycles as the transportation is significantly increased than before. In addition, the use of electric bicycles must be in accordance with their needs both in terms of shape and accessible features. [3]Electric bicycles can also be used for teenagers to the elderly so that, there are various types of electric bicycle (E-Bike) designs nowadays. However, the development of electric bicycle design must be adjusted to the body as well, and anthropometric measurements of the dimensions of the human body becomes one form to obtain an ergonomic condition. In addition, the design of an electric bicycle must have a tool size compatibility with the dimensions of the human who wears it, which is very important to reduce the occurrence of danger due to work errors and design errors [4].
In the elements of bicycle design, it cannot be separated from ergonomics [[4]. This is because ergonomics or Ergonomics (in English) comes from the Greek, namely Ergo which means work and Nomos means rules or laws. In Indonesia, the meaning of ergonomics is a science and application that needs to harmonize work with the environment on people or vice versa with the aim of achieving maximum productivity and efficiency through optimal human utilization [5]. Ergonomics is closely related to designing electric bicycles so that the resulting output can provide an effective, safe, comfortable, healthy and efficient for its users.
To analyze ergonomics, anthropometric measurements are needed. Because humans have several body sizes that are different from each other, so that anthropometric data measurements are needed for various purposes, one of the design of an electric bicycle design is to fit the dimensions of the user's body. Anthropometry is a part of ergonomics which studies body size including linear dimensions, as well as content and also includes areas of size, strength, speed and other aspects of body movement [6].
The use of anthropometry in the design of electric bicycles is worked well so that, users do not feel tired when using them over long distances [7]. In addition, if the size of the bicycle does not suit the user, it can have long-term effects such as muscle injury or joint pain. Therefore, bicycle design must be based on data so that, the resulting product is also on target. In the manufacture of electric bicycles based on anthropometric data. The application of anthropometric data has been widely applied to all aspects of life [2]. one of which is applied to the design of bicycle designs. Also when we use a bicycle that does not fit our body dimensions, we will feel tired and uncomfortable.
Anthropometry is the science of the relationship between the structure and function of the body (including body shape and size) with the design of the tools used by humans [5]. Anthropometric data can be used for various purposes such as the design of work stations, work facilities, and also product design in order to obtain appropriate and appropriate sizes with the dimensions of the human body members who will use them [6].
Then the application of anthropometric data in the design process of electric bicycle designs for students is to determine the sizes of some bicycle parts so that the resulting product can be balanced and also ergonomic. In addition, also so that users or users of bicycles do not experience health problems in the long term such as joint pain, and other health problems.
Therefore, it is necessary to analyze an ergonomic design by applying anthropometric data. For this reason, it is necessary to have CATIA VR5 software in analyzing ergonomic body posture using the RULA method. Based on the description above, this article carries the title "Ergonomic Analysis on E-Bike Product Design with Anthropometric Approach" [8]. This article is considered important, considering that the use of anthropometric data for the manufacture of electric bicycle designs is very necessary so that the products produced are on target and do not cause long-term effects if there is an error in size.

II. RESEARCHMETHOD
In making this electric bicycle design, we measured anthropometric data using several tools such as a meter tape, weight scales, segmometer, elbow ruler and also a chair as a backrest. The sample used is by using data from students of Industrial Engineering, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya with a total of 31 students.
The use of anthropometric data in designing electric bicycles for students uses body dimensions, namely arm length, buttock height to floor, popliteal height, ankles to floor, leg width, palm width, hip width, shoulder width and arm length [7].
Then this research uses a quantitative approach, the RULA method with the help of CATIA VR5 software, and anthropometric data measurement is one of the important tools for data collection, the authors use several techniques in data collection, namely observation (observation through pre-existing designs), and measurement anthropometric data [9]. The data that has been obtained will be processed and used to design electric bicycles to be more ergonomic. Anthropometric data collection was carried out in the Ergonomics Laboratory of Industrial Engineering, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya in November 2021. This research was carried out systematically and gradually according to

III. Results and Discussion
In designing this E-Bike there are several things that need to be considered: 1. The length of the arm used to measure the distance from the saddle to the handlebar. 2. Height of the butt to the floor to measure the distance from the saddle to the floor. 3. Popliteal height is used to measure the distance from the saddle to the footrest. 4. The ankle to the floor is used to measure the height of the footrest 5. Foot width is used to measure the width of the footrest. 6. The width of the palm is used to measure the width of the hand grip on the handlebar.
7. Hip width is used to measure the width of the saddle to be used. 8. Shoulder width is used to measure the width of the handlebar. 9. The length of the hand is used to measure the width of the handlebar grip Then, in order to develop an electric bicycle (E-Bike), some genuine data is required to identify the most ergonomic size. As a result, we used a sample of 31 Industrial Engineering students from PGRI Adi Buana University Surabaya. We process the data after knowing the sample data to determine the ergonomic size using the existing sample. Several sizes are known based on the measurements taken, as shown in table 1 below.

III. Results and Discussion
In designing this E-Bike there are several things that need to be considered: 1. The length of the arm used to measure the distance from the saddle to the handlebar. 2. Height of the butt to the floor to measure the distance from the saddle to the floor. 3. Popliteal height is used to measure the distance from the saddle to the footrest. 4. The ankle to the floor is used to measure the height of the footrest 5. Foot width is used to measure the width of the footrest. 6. The width of the palm is used to measure the width of the hand grip on the handlebar.
7. Hip width is used to measure the width of the saddle to be used. 8. Shoulder width is used to measure the width of the handlebar. 9. The length of the hand is used to measure the width of the handlebar grip Then, in order to develop an electric bicycle (E-Bike), some genuine data is required to identify the most ergonomic size. As a result, we used a sample of 31 Industrial Engineering students from PGRI Adi Buana University Surabaya. We process the data after knowing the sample data to determine the ergonomic size using the existing sample. Several sizes are known based on the measurements taken, as shown in table 1 below.

III. Results and Discussion
In designing this E-Bike there are several things that need to be considered: 1. The length of the arm used to measure the distance from the saddle to the handlebar. 2. Height of the butt to the floor to measure the distance from the saddle to the floor. 3. Popliteal height is used to measure the distance from the saddle to the footrest. 4. The ankle to the floor is used to measure the height of the footrest 5. Foot width is used to measure the width of the footrest. 6. The width of the palm is used to measure the width of the hand grip on the handlebar.
7. Hip width is used to measure the width of the saddle to be used. 8. Shoulder width is used to measure the width of the handlebar. 9. The length of the hand is used to measure the width of the handlebar grip Then, in order to develop an electric bicycle (E-Bike), some genuine data is required to identify the most ergonomic size. As a result, we used a sample of 31 Industrial Engineering students from PGRI Adi Buana University Surabaya. We process the data after knowing the sample data to determine the ergonomic size using the existing sample. Several sizes are known based on the measurements taken, as shown in table 1 below. Before we analyze the anthropometric data as above, the data adequacy test is carried out first. By using the following formula: By using the data adequacy formula above, a data adequacy test is calculated using the number of observational data (N) of 31 for each data presented in table 1. If N' N then the data is considered sufficient [10]. So that the The results are acquired from the average in table 3 after acquiring the anthropometric data above and looking for the average in each body size: The standard deviation, as well as the 5 th and 95 th percentiles, are then calculated to determine which size is the most ergonomic. The 5 th and 95 th percentiles are calculated to determine the adequacy of the data results, which will subsequently be used to select bicycle size. Calculate the sample standard deviation, which is the square root of the sample variance [8], before estimating the size of the 5 th and 95 th percentiles. The following is the formula: Calculate the 5 th percentile using the formula 3 after knowing the standard deviation of each body dimension: The formula for calculate 95 th percentile is change the minus to plus so the formula as the fourth bellow:

= + (1,645 × )
While the formula for the 95th percentile is to change the -sign to + so that it uses the 4th formula as follows: Table 4.

Measurement of 5th Percentile and 95 Percentile Deviation
The following findings are achieved after understanding the results of the 5 th percentile and 95 th percentile calculations, then deciding the size for the e-bike design using the 5 th percentile or 95 th percentile calculations: 1. The width of the saddle is taken from the size of the 95th percentile hip width, which is 21.5cm 2. The height of the bicycle is taken from the height of the buttocks to the 5th percentile floor, which is 72.7cm 3. The width of the handlebar grip is taken from the size of the 95th percentile hand width, which is 12.2cm 4. The width of the footrest is taken from the size of 2x the width of the 95th percentile foot, which is 23.6cm 5. The length of the handlebar is taken from the 5th percentile shoulder width, which is 35.9cm 6. The distance from the saddle to the footrest is taken from the 95th percentile popliteal height, which is 56.2cm 7. The distance from the saddle to the handlebar is taken from the 5th percentile arm length, which is 64.3cm After obtaining the anthropometric size values above, a reference is made to the electric bicycle design that has been made in the CATIA VR5 software, making the E-Bike design as shown in Figure 2, as follows: Then, using the RULA approach and the CATIA VR5 software, an analysis of the ergonomic elements of the electric bicycle design is performed. The goal of this ergonomics analysis is to estimate the value of the rider's risk of injury; the lower the RULA value on the bicycle, the more ergonomic the bicycle. The RULA analysis was performed using a headtube angle of 15° and 17° for comparison, with the goal of determining which angle is the most ergonomic. We chose a 15° headtube angle based on the headtube angle comparison. Figure 3 shows the results of an RULA analysis with a 15° headtube angle: he result of the RULA value which shows the most ergonomics is at a headtube angle of 15 ° with a RULA value of 3. This shows that the design of this electric bicycle is quite ergonomic and the design is acceptable, although to be ideal in its body posture, further analysis is needed in order to obtain a better RULA value. Smaller

IV. Conclusion
The conclusion of the research is, before we make the design product we have to measurement the antropometri for determine ergonomic of the product so the product that produced suitable with body posture so it's didn't give long term effect. The antropometri database we get from 31 student of Industrial Engineering Adi Buana Surabaya University with range 19-27 age.
The result of the RULA value which shows the most ergonomics is at a headtube angle of 15 ° with a RULA value of 3. This shows that the design of this electric bicycle is quite ergonomic and the design is acceptable, although to be ideal in its body posture, further analysis is needed in order to obtain a better After obtaining the anthropometric size values above, a reference is made to the electric bicycle design that has been made in the CATIA VR5 software, making the E-Bike design as shown in Figure 2, as follows: Then, using the RULA approach and the CATIA VR5 software, an analysis of the ergonomic elements of the electric bicycle design is performed. The goal of this ergonomics analysis is to estimate the value of the rider's risk of injury; the lower the RULA value on the bicycle, the more ergonomic the bicycle. The RULA analysis was performed using a headtube angle of 15° and 17° for comparison, with the goal of determining which angle is the most ergonomic. We chose a 15° headtube angle based on the headtube angle comparison. Figure 3 shows the results of an RULA analysis with a 15° headtube angle: he result of the RULA value which shows the most ergonomics is at a headtube angle of 15 ° with a RULA value of 3. This shows that the design of this electric bicycle is quite ergonomic and the design is acceptable, although to be ideal in its body posture, further analysis is needed in order to obtain a better RULA value. Smaller

IV. Conclusion
The conclusion of the research is, before we make the design product we have to measurement the antropometri for determine ergonomic of the product so the product that produced suitable with body posture so it's didn't give long term effect. The antropometri database we get from 31 student of Industrial Engineering Adi Buana Surabaya University with range 19-27 age.
The result of the RULA value which shows the most ergonomics is at a headtube angle of 15 ° with a RULA value of 3. This shows that the design of this electric bicycle is quite ergonomic and the design is acceptable, although to be ideal in its body posture, further analysis is needed in order to obtain a better After obtaining the anthropometric size values above, a reference is made to the electric bicycle design that has been made in the CATIA VR5 software, making the E-Bike design as shown in Figure 2, as follows: Then, using the RULA approach and the CATIA VR5 software, an analysis of the ergonomic elements of the electric bicycle design is performed. The goal of this ergonomics analysis is to estimate the value of the rider's risk of injury; the lower the RULA value on the bicycle, the more ergonomic the bicycle. The RULA analysis was performed using a headtube angle of 15° and 17° for comparison, with the goal of determining which angle is the most ergonomic. We chose a 15° headtube angle based on the headtube angle comparison. Figure 3 shows the results of an RULA analysis with a 15° headtube angle: he result of the RULA value which shows the most ergonomics is at a headtube angle of 15 ° with a RULA value of 3. This shows that the design of this electric bicycle is quite ergonomic and the design is acceptable, although to be ideal in its body posture, further analysis is needed in order to obtain a better RULA value. Smaller

IV. Conclusion
The conclusion of the research is, before we make the design product we have to measurement the antropometri for determine ergonomic of the product so the product that produced suitable with body posture so it's didn't give long term effect. The antropometri database we get from 31 student of Industrial Engineering Adi Buana Surabaya University with range 19-27 age.
The result of the RULA value which shows the most ergonomics is at a headtube angle of 15 ° with a RULA value of 3. This shows that the design of this electric bicycle is quite ergonomic and the design is acceptable, although to be ideal in its body posture, further analysis is needed in order to obtain a better