Analysis of Female Labor Force Participation in Java Island Using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression with an Adaptive Bisquare Kernel

Nezalfa Sabrina; Aviolla Terza Damaliana; Muhammad Nasrudin

doi:10.36456/jstat.vol19.no1.a11265

Authors

Nezalfa Sabrina Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
Aviolla Terza Damaliana Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
Muhammad Nasrudin Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36456/jstat.vol19.no1.a11265

Keywords:

Female Labor Force Participation, MGWR, Adaptive Bisquare Kernel

Abstract

Female labor force participation is an important indicator in labor development and gender equality. However, the Female Labor Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) in Java Island still shows disparities across regions, indicating the presence of spatial influences. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic factors affecting the FLFPR in 119 regencies/cities on Java Island in 2024 using the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) method with an adaptive bisquare kernel implemented in Python. The data used in this study were obtained from Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik) in 2024. The explanatory variables include the Regency/City Minimum Wage, number of poor population, Gender Inequality Index, Gross Regional Domestic Product, percentage of women in parliament, number of women managing households, and the Gender Development Index. The contribution of this research lies in the specific application of MGWR with an adaptive bisquare kernel for the Java Island region, which allows parameter estimates to vary across locations. The results indicate significant spatial heterogeneity. The minimum wage variable is the most consistently significant factor with a negative effect in most regions. These findings imply the need for region-specific employment and women’s empowerment policies rather than uniform policies across Java Island.

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