Pola Gait dan Keseimbangan Postural Anak Tunagrahita Ringan: Analisis Biomekanika dalam Aktivitas Olahraga Adaptif

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze gait characteristics and postural balance in children with mild intellectual disability within the context of adaptive physical activity. A quantitative observational approach with a descriptive–correlational design was employed. The participants consisted of 20 children aged 8–12 years recruited through purposive sampling from special education schools. Gait patterns were analyzed using two-dimensional video motion analysis and Kinovea software to measure spatiotemporal parameters, including stride length, cadence, walking velocity, and gait symmetry. Static balance was assessed using the Stork Stand Test, while dynamic balance was measured through a Dynamic Balance Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). The findings revealed that children with mild intellectual disability demonstrated relatively shorter stride length, moderate walking velocity, and high gait variability. Both static and dynamic balance abilities were categorized as low to moderate, with considerable inter-individual variation. Significant positive correlations were found between stride length and walking velocity with balance performance, while gait variability showed a significant negative correlation with postural balance. These results highlight the integrated relationship between gait and balance within motor control systems. This study provides empirical evidence to support the development of individualized adaptive physical activity programs to enhance the effectiveness of adapted physical education.