STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa
S5 Accredited Garuda Indexed Crossref Jurnal STIGMA adalah jurnal ilmiah Biologi dan Biologi Terapan yang memuat artikel-artikel ilmiah. Jurnal STIGMA diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Biologi-Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam - Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Terbit dua kali dalam satu tahun (April-Juli dan September-Desember), Jurnal ini memfasilitasi penelitian dengan tema Biologi Umum, Biologi Terapan, Bioteknologi, Aplikasi Ilmu Biologi. (SINTA 4) Judul Jurnal : Jurnal STIGMA Frekuensi : 2 Terbitan Per Tahun (April & September) Subjek : Biologi dan Biologi Terapan DOI : https://doi.org/10.36456/stigma Bahasa : Indonesia eISSN : 2621-9093 pISSN : 1412-1840 Editorial : Vivin Andriani, S.Si., M.Sc Email : stigma@unipasby.ac.id Kontak person : +6285736033463 Penerbit : Univ. PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya Alamat : JI. Dukuh Menanggal XII, Surabaya 60234 Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Identifikasi Kelimpahan, Bentuk, Warna, Ukuran Mikroplastik dan Pollution Load Index di Sungai Kalanganyar Sedati Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in diameter that negatively impact aquatic environments and human health. This study aims to identify the abundance, shape, color, and size of microplastics in the Kalanganyar River, Sedati, Sidoarjo Regency, as well as to assess pollution levels using the Pollution Load Index (PLI). Samples were collected from six sites along the river using purposive sampling and analyzed microscopically at the Ecoton Laboratory in Gresik. The results showed an average microplastic abundance of 2,000 particles/m³ of water, with the highest concentration at Dam Gisik (2,900 particles/m³) and the lowest near residential and fishing areas (1,400 particles/m³). Microplastics were dominated by fibers (59%), followed by films (30%) and fragments (11%), with transparent as the most common color (32%). The most dominant microplastic size range was 0.5–1 mm (35%). The average PLI value of 625.47 classified the pollution as high (class IV), indicating a serious ecological risk. Human activities such as washing, fishing, and waste disposal contribute significantly to microplastic accumulation in this aquatic environment. Keyword : Identification microplastic, water of the Kalanganyar River, Sedati, Pollution Load Index
Eksplorasi dan Isolasi Trichoderma sp. sebagai Agen Hayati pada Lahan Budidaya Blewah di Semolowaru, Surabaya
This study aimed to analyze the effect of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) flour substitution on the content of vitamin C, vitamin D, and folate in cookies as a functional food product. A single-factor experimental design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with five levels of shiitake flour substitution (0%, 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, and 30%), each conducted in five replications. The results demonstrated that the contents of vitamin C, vitamin D, and folate increased progressively with higher levels of shiitake flour substitution. Statistical analysis revealed that the increases in vitamin C, vitamin D, and folate were significant (p<0.05) across all treatment levels, with the highest values observed at 30% substitution. This trend indicates that shiitake flour serves as an effective natural source of micronutrients, particularly vitamin C, vitamin D, and folate. Therefore, cookies formulated with 30% shiitake flour substitution can be recommended as a functional food with the potential to enhance the intake of essential micronutrients, especially for pregnant women. Keywords : Shiitake mushroom; functional food; vitamin C, vitamin D; folate
Efek Protektif Ekstrak Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Terhadap Sel Spermatogenik, dan Sel Leydig pada Mencit yang Diinfeksi Staphylococcus aureus secara Intra Uretra
Infections of the male genital tract can cause infertility in up to 15% of cases. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogenic bacterium that can significantly contribute to infertility. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) contains active compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, zingerone, and flavonoids, which have the potential to exert protective effects against testicular tissue damage caused by infection. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of red ginger on spermatogenic cells in mice infected intraurethrally with S. aureus. A total of 30 male mice aged 3 months were used and divided into three groups, with 10 mice in each group: A; control group, B; group infected intraurethrally with S. aureus, and C; group infected with S. aureus and treated with red ginger extract. The results showed a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) of red ginger extract administration on the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, Leydig cells, and testicular weight in mice infected with S. aureus intraurethrally. Therefore, red ginger extract can inhibit the growth of S. aureus and improve spermatogenic cell condition in mice affected by S. aureus infection. Keywords: S.aureus; genital tract infection, spermatogenic cells, red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum)
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Jamur Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) Terhadap Peningkatan Kandungan Vitamin C, Vitamin D Dan Asam Folat Pada Cookies Sebagai Pangan Fungsional Untuk Ibu Hamil
Pengaruh Buangan Krimer Nabati Sebagai Pupuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi
The vegetable creamer-based food industry produces a large amount of waste that has not been optimally utilized, reaching more than 1.4 tons per month and accumulating up to 17 tons in a period of 10 months. Disposal of this waste also requires considerable costs, so a more sustainable alternative utilization is needed. This study aims to assess the effect of applying vegetable waste creamer solution as liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica rapa var. Parachinensis L.). The treatments used consisted of four solution compositions: 0% (control), 10%, 30%, and 50%. Parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, and plant wet weight. The results showed that the treatment with 10% concentration gave the most optimal results on plant height and wet weight, while the highest number of leaves was obtained from the 0% treatment. High concentrations (30% and 50%) actually inhibited growth and caused plant death. These results indicate that waste creamer has potential as a liquid organic fertilizer if used in the right composition. Keyword: Vegetable Creamer, Industrial Waste, Organic Fertilizer
Pengaruh Infusa Kombinasi Temu Ireng, Jahe, Temulawak, Dan Kencur Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Rattus Norvegicus Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body experiences a decrease in hemoglobin levels below the required normal limits. Black turmeric (temu ireng), ginger, Curcuma (temulawak), and aromatic ginger (kencur) contain compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that can prevent and repair damage caused by oxidative stress, which leads to anemia. Objective This study aims to determine the effect and optimal frequency of administering an infusion combination of black turmeric, ginger, Curcuma, and aromatic ginger on hemoglobin levels in anemic Rattus norvegicus. Methods This study employed an experimental method with a pre-post test control design. Results The four rhizomes used in this study contribute to the treatment of anemia. The isoflavone content in black turmeric and curcumin in Curcuma can prevent hemoglobin damage resulting from oxidative stress caused by sodium nitrite exposure. Other components, such as Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate in aromatic ginger, act as an anti-inflammatory by reducing the production of cytokines IL-1 and TNF-ɑ. Furthermore, the 6-gingerol content in ginger can halt the formation of hepcidin, which inhibits iron absorption, allowing the process of red blood cell formation to continue in the bone marrow. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the infusion combination of black turmeric, ginger, Curcuma, and aromatic ginger can increase hemoglobin levels in anemic Rattus norvegicus. The optimal frequency for increasing hemoglobin levels occurred in the P2 group, with an administration frequency of twice daily. Keywords: infusion, hemoglobin, anemia
Kombinasi AB Mix Dan POC Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) Pada Hidroponik Sistem Wick Terhadap Stomata Dan Klorofil Tanaman Anggrek Dendrobium sp.
Peningkatan permintaan anggrek Dendrobium sp. tidak bisa diimbangi dengan produksi yang optimal sebab pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek yang lambat, salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan adalah budidaya secara hidroponik dengan sistem wick (wick system). Larutan nutrisi yang cukup populer digunakan dalam sistem hidroponik adalah AB Mix, namun harga yang mahal memperbesar biaya produksi, sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif yang lebih ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan. Pupuk organik cair (POC) dari daun lamtoro merupakan salah satu alternatif, karena mengandung unsur hara esensial seperti nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium, serta senyawa bioaktif yang mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi AB Mix dan POC daun lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) terhadap kerapatan stomata, indeks stomata dan klorofil total tanaman anggrek Dendrobium sp.. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA diketahui bahwa pemberian kombinasi AB Mix dan POC daun lamtoro berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatan stomata, indeks stomata dan klorofil total tanaman anggrek Dendrobium sp.. Hasil uji Duncan menunjukkan bahwa rerata pada parameter kerapatan stomata, indeks stomata dan klorofil total terbaik adalah pada perlakuan P3 (13% AB Mix + 20% POC daun lamtoro), dengan rata-rata kerapatan stomata (0,473/mm2), indeks stomata (9,530%), dan klorofil total (4,567 mg/L). Kata Kunci: Nutrisi AB Mix; POC Daun Lamtoro; Anggrek Dendrobium sp.; Hidroponik; Sistem Wick
Kualitas Benih Hasil Pemijahan Induk Ikan Lele (Clarias Sp.) Akibat Subtitusi Larva Maggot Pada Pakan Komersial Dan Induksi Laserpunktur
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi larva lalat tentara hitam (black soldier fly larvae/BSFL; Hermetia illucens) dalam pakan komersial dan induksi laserpunktur terhadap kualitas benih ikan lele (Clarias sp.) hasil pemijahan, yang diukur melalui parameter Fertilisation Rate (FR), Hatching Rate (HR), dan Survival Rate (SR). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas tiga perlakuan: kontrol (pakan komersial), maggot 10% + pakan komersial, dan induksi laserpunktur + pakan komersial, masing-masing diulang sebanyak lima kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan induksi laserpunktur + pakan komersial memberikan peningkatan tertinggi dan signifikan pada semua parameter, dengan nilai FR sebesar 214 ± 8,8%, HR sebesar 205 ± 6,2%, dan SR sebesar 192 ± 5,0%. Perlakuan maggot 10% + pakan komersial juga menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dibanding kontrol, meskipun masih lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan induksi laserpunktur. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sinergis antara induksi laserpunktur dan suplementasi nutrisi tinggi dari larva maggot mampu meningkatkan performa reproduksi dan kualitas benih ikan lele hasil pemijahan. Kata kunci: Clarias sp., laserpunktur, larva lalat tentara hitam, performa reproduksi, kualitas benih
Identifikasi Serangga Hama Dan Penyakit Pada Tanaman Jagung Pulut (Zea mays ceratina) Di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Agribisnis Tanaman Pangan Dan Hortikultura Sidoarjo (UPT PATPH)
Waxy corn (Zea mays ceratina) is one of the corn varieties with high potential to be developed as an alternative food source due to its high amylopectin content, which gives it a soft and sweet texture. However, the productivity of waxy corn in Indonesia remains low due to various cultivation constraints, particularly pest and disease attacks that can cause significant yield losses. Identification of pest and disease species is essential as an initial step in developing effective and sustainable control strategies. This study aimed to identify the types of insect pests and diseases attacking waxy corn plants at the Technical Implementation Unit for the Development of Food Crop and Horticulture Agribusiness (PATPH) in Sidoarjo, East Java. The research was conducted from February to March 2024 using a simple random sampling method on four plots ranging from 15 × 20 m² to 20 × 20 m². Observations were made on symptoms of pest and disease attacks, which were then identified based on morphological characteristics and symptom similarities with reference literature. The results showed three types of pests attacking waxy corn, namely armyworms (Spodoptera litura), hairy caterpillars, and grasshoppers, with a total of 14 individuals recorded. Meanwhile, five major diseases were found—leaf blight (Helminthosporium turcicum), leaf rust (Puccinia polysora), leaf spot (Bipolaris maydis), downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis), and corn smut (Ustilago maydis)—infecting a total of 158 plants. The intensity of pest attacks tended to decrease during the generative phase, while leaf diseases increased with plant age due to microclimatic changes and higher humidity under the canopy. Based on these findings, leaf diseases, particularly rust and leaf spot, were identified as the main limiting factors of waxy corn productivity. Therefore, the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and the use of disease-resistant varieties are necessary to improve yield and ensure sustainable cultivation. Keywords: waxy corn; pests; diseases; UPT PATPH
Pemuliaan Bibit Tanaman Kantong Semar (Nepenthes mirabilis) Dalam Upaya Konservasi Dengan Penambahan Hormon Melalui Teknologi Modern Kultur Jaringan
Nepenthes mirabilis is an endemic plant of Sumatra that has been classified as endangered since 2014. This plant needs to be conserved to prevent its extinction. One of the methods that can be applied to overcome the threat of extinction is plant propagation through modern tissue culture technology. Using this method, plant breeding can be carried out in a relatively short time, in large quantities, and without depending on seasonal conditions. The aim of this research is to conserve this rare species through experimental approaches using a completely randomized design. The data were analyzed both descriptively and quantitatively. In this study, variations of kinetin hormone concentrations were applied (0 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 1.25 ppm, 1.50 ppm, 1.55 ppm, and 2.00 ppm). The best results were obtained at a concentration of 1.50 ppm, with the highest average number of leaves (8.00 ± 0.000) and the longest leaf length (8.083 ± 0.022 cm). These findings indicate that the application of kinetin at certain concentrations can accelerate the propagation of Nepenthes mirabilis seedlings in vitro, producing more plantlets in a shorter period of time, and without seasonal limitations. Therefore, tissue culture techniques with the addition of kinetin hormone can serve as an effective solution to support the conservation and sustainable propagation of Nepenthes mirabilis. Keywords: conservation, Hormone, pitcher plant, propagation, tissue culture
Induksi Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) Melalui Kultur Jaringan
The pineapple plant cultivated in Indonesia is very diverse and is a perennial plant. Public awareness of the nutritional content in pineapple can increase the production and economic value of the fruit. Therefore, large-scale pineapple production in a relatively short time is needed, and one way to achieve this is through pineapple propagation via tissue culture. In this study, pineapple was propagated using shoot explants. Shoot culture, or shoot induction, is one method for propagating plants in vitro. Shoot culture is the most common propagation method because shoots contain a lot of meristematic tissue (which is still actively dividing), resulting in a higher percentage of success for tissue culture. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the following hormone concentrations: 0 ppm NAA + 0 ppm Kinetin, 0.25 ppm NAA + 3.0 ppm Kinetin, and 0.25 ppm NAA + 4.5 ppm Kinetin. The results showed that explant growth occurred in every concentration, with 100% of all treatments producing shoots. Nevertheless, there were variations in the number of leaves formed in each treatment and observation time, indicating the influence of hormone concentration on the vegetative development of the explant.
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Ubi Jalar Ungu Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Roti Kukus Dengan Sourdough Dari Air Rendaman Apel
This study aimed to determine the effect of flour substitution levels on the moisture content, expansion, and texture of steamed bread. The treatments consisted of five formulations: F0 (0%), F1 (10%), F2 (20%), F3 (30%), and F4 (40%) flour substitution. Data were analyzed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level to evaluate the effect of treatments on each physical parameter. The results showed that increasing the level of flour substitution had a significant effect on all tested parameters. The highest moisture content was observed in F4 (40%) at 39.22%, while the lowest was in F1 (10%) at 36.53%. Texture softness decreased as the substitution level increased, with the highest value in F0 (167.44 mm/100g/10s) and the lowest in F4 (88.52 mm/100g/10s). The expansion of steamed bread also tended to decrease, from 8.40% in F0 to 7.53% in F4. These results indicate that higher flour substitution levels reduce the dough’s ability to expand and form an elastic crumb structure due to decreased gluten content. Overall, the best formulation was obtained in treatments F1 (10%) to F2 (20%), as they produced steamed bread with balanced moisture, soft texture, and optimal expansion. Keywords: steamed bread, flour substitution, moisture content, expansion, texture
Effect of Waste Combustion Ash with the Addition of Deer Manure for Ornamental Plant Fertilizer
The increasing volume of waste in Indonesia poses environmental challenges, especially incinerator ash residues that contain heavy metals and have the potential to contaminate soil. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of incinerator ash combined with deer dung as an alternative growing medium for ornamental betel nut (Epipremnum aureum). Four treatments of growing media composition were tested: pure soil, ash and dung mixture in different ratios, and observed for eight weeks on the parameters of plant length, leaf area, and plant weight. Results showed that the treatment without ash mixture produced the best growth, while increasing the proportion of ash decreased plant growth performance. This is thought to be due to the heavy metal content in the ash which inhibits plant metabolism and nutrient uptake. Although the plants survived in all treatments, the effectiveness of the ash and deer manure mixture as a growing medium proved to be limited, so its use should be limited and not recommended for consumption crops. The potential utilization of ash is more appropriately directed towards non-agricultural sectors that do not come into direct contact with living things.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Kelapa Sebagai Media Tanam Dalam Budidaya Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreotus) dan Jamur Tiram Cokelat (Pleurotus pulmonarius)
One of the important biological resources in the Indonesian plantation sector is coconut. Coconut trees grow widely in several regencies in Indonesia, including Situbondo Regency. Based on data from the Situbondo Regency Statistics Agency (BPS), coconut plantation production in Situbondo Regency in 2023 reached 4.9 thousand tons. Coconut husks in Situbondo have been considered waste that is sold cheaply to prevent accumulation. Therefore, further processing or utilization is needed to provide greater productive value for coconut husks. Rarely used coconut husk waste can be an alternative to the hard-to-find sawdust media, thereby increasing productivity in mushroom cultivation, especially in the Situbondo region. This study used two types of oyster mushrooms: white oyster mushrooms and brown oyster mushrooms. Each received five treatments with three replications, resulting in a total of 15 white oyster mushroom bags and 15 brown oyster mushroom bags used. The treatment carried out was the addition of coconut fiber with different concentrations to the planting media. The planting medium that has the best influence on mycelium growth, fruit body growth time, fruit body wet weight is P1 (100% wood powder without the addition of coconut shells), while the best fruit cap diameter is obtained from the P4 treatment (75% wood powder + 25% coconut shell powder). Keywords: Cultivation; Oyster Mushrom; Planting Media; Coconut shell
Effect Of NAA And Kinetin Administration On Callus Induction In Vanilla Plant Stem Explants (Vanilla planifolia Andrews)
Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is a plantation plant that is used for its fruit. Indonesia is one of the countries that exports vanilla and has climate factors that support increasing vanilla production to meet global demand, One of the efforts that can be made in vanilla propagation is through plant tissue culture. This research aims to induce calluses. This study used a Random Design using stem explants and several different hormone concentrations, namely: 0.0 ppm NAA and 0.0 ppm Kinetin, 1.0 ppm NAA and 0.5 ppm Kinetin, 1.0 ppm NAA and 1.0 ppm Kinetin, 2.0 ppm NAA and 0.5 ppm Kinetin, 2.0 ppm NAA and 1.0 ppm Kinetin, 2.0 ppm NAA and 2.0 ppm Kinetin. There was an effect on the administration of NAA and Kinetin on callus induction in the explants of the vanilla plant (Vanilla planifolia Andrews). It is based on the Anova one-way Hypothesis Test with a significance value of 0.000 (Asymp. Sig <0.05) then Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted. The optimal concentration to induce callus in stem explants is the administration of 1.0 ppm NAA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin with an average callus growth rate of 7 HST and a 100% callus growth percentage of explants. Keywords: Vanilla, induction, callus, tissue culture, hormones
Diversity And Abundance Of Macrozoobentos And Pisces In The Mangrove Area Of Gresik District, Kebomas And Manyar Gresik Regency
Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in the life cycle of various types of fish, shrimp and crabs. Because the mangrove environment provides protection and nutrients in the form of organic matter that is included in the food chain. Some of the fauna that are commonly found in the Indonesian mangrove ecosystem area are fauna from the gastropod, crustacean, bivalve, polychaeta, and pisces classes. One of the biota that can be used as biological parameters in determining the conditions of a body of water is macrozoobentos. As organisms living in waters, macrozoobentos are very sensitive to changes in the quality of the water in which they live so that it will affect their composition and abundance. This research method is quantitative descriptive research by taking data in a survey. It uses a 1x1m measuring plot 100m long perpendicular to the coastline. The measurement method used to determine the environmental conditions of mangroves is the transect line method and sample plots (Tran-sect Line Plot). The diversity index value at research locations I and II is in the medium category, while in location III it is in the high category. Of the three stations, the uniformity index is stable close to 1. Result The dominance index value is that there is no type that dominates a body of water, this means that all individuals at the observation station have the same opportunity and maximally make the most of the resources in those waters. The pH results of water at station II and station III did not differ significantly, while at station I it differed significantly when compared to the results at stations II and III. The salinity results at station III differ significantly from station I and II because the location of the mangrove is the location of a sea estuary that makes the salt content of brackish water mixed with fresh water. Keywords ; Mangroves, Macrozoobentos, Diversity, Uniformity, Dominance, Abundance, Abiotic Factors
Addition of EM-4 Probiotics to Grow Natural Feed to Increase the Growth and Survival Rate of Milkfish Seeds (Chanos sp.)
The study aimed to determine the effect of EM-4 probiotic administration on natural klekap feed with different doses on the growth and survival of milkfish (Chanos sp) seeds. The test fish of milkfish (Chanos sp) with a length of 2 cm and a weight of 2 grams came from a milkfish seed cultivation reservoir in Mengarih Village, Manyar District, Gresik Regency, randomly stocked into 12 ponds with a fish density of 30 fish/pond and tested for 30 days. This study used a Complete Random Design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatment given was the difference in the dose of probiotics added in klekap natural feed, which consisted of treatment without the addition of probiotics, treatment with the addition of probiotics as much as 15 ml/L, 25 ml/L, 35 ml/L. Data were analyzed using Variety Analysis (ANOVA) with a level of (P<0.05). Test parameters included absolute weight growth rate (LPBM), absolute length growth (PPM), and survival rate (SR). The results showed that the administration of EM-4 on different natural klekap feeds had a real effect (P<0.05) on LPBM, PPM, and SR. The best values were for LPBM (5.73±0.14 grams), PPM (10.33±0.04 mm). The average success rate (SR) during the experiment was approximately 88.75%. Keywords: Milkfish Seed (Chanos Sp), Survival, Klekap, Probiotic EM-4, Growth
Efect Of Giving A Combination Of Black Temu, Temulawak, Kencur And Ginger Infusion On The Weight Of Swiss-Webster Strain Mice
Signs that children have difficulty eating and will then trigger malnutrition are very limited nutritional intake and a reduced appetite. Temu ireng, curcuma, sand ginger and ginger rhizomes contain essential oils, curcumin, xanthorizol, gingerol and flavonoids in each plant which can increase body weight and appetite. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and optimal frequency of infusion combination on body weight and feed consumption of mice. The research was conducted in the Pharmacology Laboratory of STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang. This type of research is true experimental with pre-post-test control design method. 28 male mice were divided into four groups. Group P0 (aquadest), group P1 (½ x dose), group P2 (1x dose) and group P3 (1 ½ x dose). All treatment groups were acclimatized for 7 days, then treated according to the predetermined dose, then observed body weight gain and feed consumption for 28 days. Data analysis was conducted using paired t-test, One Way ANOVA test, and Post-hoc LSD test. The results showed that there was a significant effect on body weight gain in group P2 (p=0.000) and feed consumption in all groups in the first, third and fourth weeks. (p<0,05). Keywords; Effect, Body Weight, Infusa, Rhizome.
Antagonistic Activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Against Curvularia sp. Causing Leaf Spot Disease in Maize
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia, yet its production is often hindered by pathogenic infections, notably Curvularia sp., the causal agent of leaf spot disease. This study aimed to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens against Curvularia sp. under in vitro conditions. The pathogenic fungus was isolated from infected maize leaves, while P. fluorescens was isolated from soil samples and identified through biochemical tests and pigment production on King’s B medium. Observations revealed that P. fluorescens produces fluorescent pigments, is an obligate saprophyte, and does not induce soft rot in potato tissue. Antagonism assays showed that the growth of Curvularia sp. was inhibited in the presence of P. fluorescens, as evidenced by fungal hyphae growing away from the bacterial colony. This inhibitory effect is likely due to antifungal secondary metabolites produced by P. fluorescens, including antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide, siderophores, and extracellular enzymes such as chitinase and cellulase, which degrade fungal cell walls. These findings suggest that P. fluorescens holds promise as a biocontrol agent for managing leaf spot disease in maize. Keywords: Zea mays, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Curvularia sp., antagonism, leaf spot disease
Thermus aquaticus: Genetic Uniqueness and Its Role in PCR Revolution via Taq Polymerase
Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic bacterium known for its ability to produce thermostable enzymes, such as Taq polymerase, which plays an important role in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. This study aims to examine the characteristics, ecology, and potential applications of thermostable enzymes produced by this bacterium in various industrial and biotechnological fields. The study was conducted through a literature review using a search method in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The results of the study showed that T. aquaticus has an optimal growth temperature between 70-75°C and is found in extreme environments such as hot springs and hydrothermal systems. Its characteristics, which include strong cell walls, unique membrane lipid content, and thermostable enzymes, allow this bacterium to survive in high temperature conditions. The Taq polymerase enzyme isolated from this bacterium has revolutionized the field of biotechnology, especially in PCR which is used for DNA amplification in genetics, medicine, and forensics research. In addition to PCR, thermostable enzymes from T. aquaticus have wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and bioremediation industries. Its existence in the ecosystem shows an important role in the biogeochemical cycle and its interaction with other microorganisms in extreme environments. This finding confirms that the exploration of extremophile microorganisms, including T. aquaticus, still has great potential in technological innovation and the development of biotechnology-based industries.
A Literature Review: Genome Structure And Identification Of Genes Involved In The Radiation Resistance Of Deinococcus radiodurans
Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremophilic bacterium with exceptional resistance to ionizing radiation, oxidative stress, and extreme environmental conditions. This resistance is supported by a unique multipartite genome structure, efficient DNA repair mechanisms, and complex global regulation. Key genes such as recA, ssb, pprA, and irrE play crucial roles in DNA repair and cellular protection. The bacterium can fully reconstruct its genome after severe radiation-induced damage, making it an ideal model for studying DNA repair and stress response mechanisms. Due to its remarkable resilience, D. radiodurans hold great potential for various applications, including radioactive waste bioremediation, radiation protection in medical fields, and advancements in biotechnology and genetic engineering. Further research is necessary to explore its molecular mechanisms and technological applications in industry, healthcare, and environmental sectors.
Identifikasi Dan Prevalensi Ektoparasit Pada Osphronemus gouramy Di Kolam Budidaya Desa Sumokembangsri Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Gourami fish (Osphronemus gouramy) is one of the freshwater fish species widely cultivated in Sumokembangsri Village, Sidoarjo Regency. One of the challenges in gourami farming is parasitic infections, which can cause losses such as slow growth and decreased harvest quality. A study was conducted to identify the types of ectoparasites, as well as to measure the prevalence rate, infection intensity, and water quality of gourami fry in the aquaculture ponds of Sumokembangsri Village. The method used was observation, involving the examination of ectoparasites on the surface of the fish's body by collecting mucus, fins, and gills. The observations revealed two genera of ectoparasites, namely Trichodina sp. and Dactylogyrus sp. The prevalence of Trichodina sp. infection reached 100%, categorized as "always," while the prevalence of Dactylogyrus sp. was 60%, categorized as "frequent." The infection intensity of Trichodina sp. was 1.6 individuals per fish, while Dactylogyrus sp. had an intensity of 2.2 individuals per fish. Both parasites were classified as having "low" intensity. The results of water quality measurements indicated that the water conditions were suitable to support the survival of gourami fish. Keywords; Ectoparasite, Guramy, Infection, Prevalence
Aplikasi Sitokinin Dan Paklobutrazol Pada Kentang Hitam (Plectranthus rotundifolius)
The decline in black potato production is an important issue that needs attention, as it can have an impact on food security in Indonesia. The hormone cytokinin is known to increase the activity of cell division and growth in plants. The administration of paklobutrazol as an inhibitor of plant vegetative growth. This study aims to evaluate the effect of cytokinin hormone and paklobutrazol on the growth of black potato (Plectranthus rotundifolius). The methodology used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments, each repeated three times, which included treatments P0S0, P0S1, P0S2, P0S3, P1S0, P1S1, P1S2, P1S3, P2S0, P2S1, P2S2, and P2S3. The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT test. The results showed that paklobutrazol and cytokinin treatments had a significant effect on plant growth, which included plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, and number of branches/plant. The P2S3 treatment gave good results, namely plant height 37.2 cm, number of leaves 62.5 strands, leaf width 2.2 cm, and number of branches 41.0. Keywords: black potato; cytokinin; paclobutrazol; growth; yield.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KINETIN TERHADAP INDUKSI TUNAS PADA BIJI TANAMAN DUKU (Lansium domesticum Corr.)
Tanaman duku merupakan salah satu buah tropis yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Salah satu cara dalam pembudidayaan duku adalah dengan metode kultur jaringan yang bertujuan untuk memperbanyak tanaman dalam waktu yang singkat. Zat pengatur tumbuh adalah salah satu faktor penentu perkembangan eksplan pada budidaya kultur jaringan. Salah satu contoh zat pengatur tumbuh ialah kinetin. Kinetin merupakan zat pengatur tumbuh yang memiliki peran besar dalam proses pembelahan sel serta induksi tunas eksplan tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli – Oktober 2023, di ruang Kultur Jaringan, Laboratorium Terpadu Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan desain penelitian rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 5 konsetrasi kinetin yakni 0 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm dan 4 ppm dengan 5 kali pengulangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kinetin terhadap induksi tunas pada eksplam bii tanaman duku (Lansium domesticum Corr.). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapatnya pengaruh pemberian kinetin terhadap eksplan biji duku yang dilakukan selama 49 HST.
EFFECT OF BENZYL AMINO PURINE (BAP) ON BUD INDUCTION FROM PETIOLE MOTHER EXPLANT (Petioles communis) DUKU (Lansium domesticum CORR.) ON MURASHIGE AND SKOOG MEDIA (MS)
The duku plant (Lansium domesticum Corr.) is one of the tropical seasonal fruits spread throughout Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. The procurement of duku seeds that still use the seed part or conventionally is a problem that can hinder the development of duku agriculture because it takes a long time and the number of seedlings produced is limited. Efforts to improve the quality and production of duku through cultivation techniques can be used to minimize the tendency to decline duku production. One of the new efforts that can be developed is through tissue culture techniques. This study aims to determine the effect of benzyl amino purine (BAP) on bud induction. This study used quantitative descriptive research with a complete randomized design research design (RAL) using 5 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatment given is (0 ppm, 1 pmm, 1,5 ppp, 2 ppm, 2,5 ppm) BAP. Explants were cultured on MS medium with 30 g of sucrose and 8 g of gelatin for 35 days. The results showed that the concentration of 2,5 ppm was best for bud formation.
Formulation And Antibacterial Activity Of Toothpaste Combination Of Stroberi (Fragaria vesca L.) And Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) Fruit Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria that cause dental caries, a disease of the tooth tissue characterized by tissue damage. Metabolite substances such tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins are found in strawberries and cabbage. The aim of this investigation was to ascertain whether a toothpaste formulation comprising fruit extracts from strawberries (Fragaria vesca L.) and cabbages (Brassica oleracea L.) exhibited antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. From January to June of 2024, this study was carried out at STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang's laboratory. This kind of study is experimental and employs various concentrations of the well diffusion method. Extract concentrations F1=20% and 0%, F2=0% and 20%, F3=10% and 10%, F4=15% and 5%, and F5=5% and 15% are the ones that were used. Pepsodent Herbal served as the positive control and F0 as the negative control. The creation of a toothpaste made from a combination of strawberry and cabbage fruit extracts was physically assessed using tests for homogeneity, foamability, spreadability, pH, and organoleptic properties. According to this investigation, the toothpaste formulation is appropriate since it satisfies the physical specifications needed for toothpaste. Furthermore, a moderate zone of inhibition was seen when toothpaste preparations containing strawberry and cabbage fruit extracts in F1 and F3 were tested for their antibacterial activities. On the other hand, the inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus was weak in F2, F4, and F5. The biggest inhibition zone measured 6.7mm in F3. Keywords: Toothpaste, Antibacterial, Extract, Strawberry, Cabbage
Potensi Cemaran Bakteri Coliform, Coliform Fekal, dan Resistensinya terhadap Antibiotik di Sungai Kalimas
The Kalimas River is a river that crosses industrial, commercial, office and densely populated residential areas in the city of Surabaya. Various activities in the area will produce waste that has the potential to pollute the Kalimas River. The indicator of polluted waters is the abundance of coliform bacteria and faecal coliforms. In some cases, the coliform and faecal coliform bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics which are currently of global concern. This study was conducted to determine the level of contamination of coliform bacteria and faecal coliforms in the Kalimas River and the level of resistance to several antibiotics. This study uses observational quantitative methods with sampling using purposive sampling and grab sampling techniques. River water samples were taken from 3 location points, namely the Kalimas River which crosses Jasa Tirta I Karah, Taman Prestasi and PT. Kasa Husada. Determination of the number and density of coliform and faecal coliform bacteria was carried out using the MPN method and testing of bacterial resistance to antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Antibiotics used were amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Data were analyzed using ANOVA level 5% test and LSD and Duncan follow-up test. The results showed that the total bacterial density in all samples from each location in the Kalimas River exceeded the predetermined water body quality standard criteria. The highest average number of coliform and faecal coliform bacteria was found at location P3, namely 1.6 x 105 MPN / 100 ml. These coliform and faecal coliform bacteria have a 100% resistance level to amoxicillin antibiotics and have 100% sensitivity to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that shows the highest sensitivity rates. Keywords: Kalimas River, pollution, coliform, faecal coliform , antibiotic resistance
Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Anggrek Bulan (Phalaenopsis amabilis) Terhadap Perlakuan Media Tanam dan POC Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa)
Moon orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis) is one of the most fascinating orchid genus. The variety of colors, shapes and textures, as well as the aroma make moon orchids one of the most beautiful flowers. Ferns contain elements of Nitrogen (N), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and silica. Coconut shells contain carbohydrates (K), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mn). Shallots (Allium cepa) contain the elements Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mg), Magnesium (Mn), and Zinc (Zn). Meanwhile, non-nutritive chemical compounds include auxin and gibberellin hormones. This study used the complete randomized design (CRD) method, which consisted of 18 treatments and 3 replications. The growth parameters observed were number of leaves, leaf area, root length, plant weight, and survival rate. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the provision of planting media and shallot skin POC treatment affects the growth of moon orchids. The results of Duncan's test showed the M3P4 treatment combination (chopped fern + coconut shell) and shallot skin POC (30%) produced the best growth in the parameter of root length of 5.16 cm and plant weight of 2.82 grams. However, it has no effect on the number of leaves and leaf area. Keywords: Moon orchid; Growing media; POC; Chopped fern, coconut shell; Shallot skins.
Identifikasi Dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Di Kecamatan Talang Kelapa Kota Palembang
Medicinal plants are plants that can be used for curing the diseases because of its compounds. Identification of medicinal plants is needed to consider the kinds ofmedicinal plants. This study aims to know the species used as medicine and to process it for curing disease. This study is qualitative descriptive. The sampling technique is quota sampling with triangulation and data were analized by Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that 38 species from 22 family of medicinal plants aere found. Parts that are widely used were leaves, then roots, stems, flowers, flower petals, fruit, rhizomes, sap, tubers and all parts. Based on this study it can be seen that these plants can treat various diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, fever, diarrhea, skin itching caused by fungi such as phlegm and ringworm, vaginal discharge and nosebleeds, thrush, increase and accelerate breast milk production, accelerates the healing process of wounds and relieves menstrual pain. The most popular management method was boiled. Another method was mashed and then rubbed, dripped, dried and then affixed, brewed and consumed directlyas vegetables, vegetables or other food mixes.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kinetin Terhadap Induksi Tunas Pada Eksplan Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) Melalui Kultur Jaringan
The stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana B.) is found in the United States, and is often used as a mixture in drinks. In Indonesia, cultivation of stevia began in 1977 in West Java and Central Java. The natural sweetener content with low calories makes stevia a solution for diabetes sufferers. Conventional cultivation takes a long time and depends on soil conditions, climate and variety. Tissue culture is used for plant propagation in a short time, free of pests and diseases, and does not depend on the season. Growth Regulators (ZPT) such as kinetin are used to accelerate shoot growth. The tissue culture media used is Murashige Skoog (MS). This study aims to examine the effect of kinetin on shoot induction in stevia explants through tissue culture, with explants in the form of leaf petioles. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with kinetin concentrations of 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm and 4 ppm. The results of the research showed that all kinetin treatments on leaf petiole mother explants were able to form shoots with an average percentage of 100%. But it didn't show any influence.