LPPM Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
The Impact of Environmental Pollution Caused by Human activities and Overcome
This study analyzes the impact of environmental pollution caused by human activities and how to mitigate it. The study used qualitative methods. The results revealed four types of human activities that cause pollution: industry, transportation, agriculture, and households. The findings, industrial sector pollution includes exhaust emissions, liquid waste, and solid waste. Transportation includes air pollution from vehicle emissions, water pollution from fuel spills, and soil pollution from vehicle waste. Agriculture includes excessive use of chemicals and livestock waste. Households include domestic waste, wastewater, and emissions from fuel or garbage combustion. Mitigation measures are reviewed through three aspects: air, water, and land. Several researchers' findings indicate that appropriate mitigation measures include the application of environmentally friendly technologies, proper waste management, strengthening regulations, and increasing public awareness through education and active participation
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahana : Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementing Collaborative and Concrete Learning to Improve First Graders’ Understanding of Children’s Rights and Responsibilities through Thematic Activities
This study aims to improve first-grade elementary students’ understanding of rights and responsibilities through the implementation of collaborative and concrete learning models in Civic Education (PPKn). The method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, consisting of the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observations, tests, interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ ability to distinguish between rights and responsibilities, as well as increased participation and discipline both at school and at home. The collaborative and concrete learning models proved effective in creating an enjoyable and meaningful learning environment
The 2023 League of Legends World Championship (LoL Worlds) As a Strategic Instrument of South Korea’s Public Diplomacy
Abstract explains the core of the manuscript informatively and obviously, including the subject matter, proposed approach, and solution, and shows key findings and conclusions. Abstract using English. The number of words in the abstract is about 100-250 words, written in one paragraph; any unfamiliar terms should be written in italic. Font type and size are Times New Roman (Headings) 11 pt. Abstract was written in single-spaced, and the margin was narrower than the main text. Keywords need to be listed and reviewed, and the main terms underlying the conduct of the research. Keywords could be a single word or phrase. Keywords including 3-5 words or phrases. These keywords are required for computerization. Research and abstract title search made easy with these keywords
Dynamic Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Model Integrating Sustainability and Industry 4.0 for Inventory Cost Efficiency
Efficient inventory management has become a critical challenge for the manufacturing industry due to market demand fluctuations, digital transformation, and sustainability pressures. This research proposes a dynamic EOQ framework that integrates Monte Carlo simulation, sustainability principles, and Industry 4.0 technologies to support adaptive inventory decision-making.The research employs a quantitative exploratory approach utilizing operational data from a corrugated box manufacturing company in Surabaya, Indonesia. A Monte Carlo simulation with 1,000 iterations is used to model stochastic demand uncertainty and determine the optimal order quantity.The results show that the proposed dynamic EOQ model can reduce inventory costs by approximately 8–12 percent compared to the conventional EOQ approach. The optimal order quantity is identified as 70,890 kg per cycle, while the integration of sustainability principles successfully reduces material waste by around 5 percent per production cycle. This research contributes theoretically by integrating sustainability concepts and Industry 4.0, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and closed-loop supply chain concepts, into inventory management optimization. This integration has proven to improve resource use efficiency and reduce production waste. The findings confirm that implementing a sustainability- and digital technology-based EOQ model can be an effective strategy to enhance economic efficiency while supporting environmental responsibility in the manufacturing industry in the Industry 4.0 era. Practically, the research offers a more adaptive inventory control framework for the manufacturing industry
Extraction and Classification Feature of Timbers texture with Wavelet, Color Moment, and Multi Layer Perceptron
The manual identification and classification of timber species are often subjective, time-consuming, and require specialized expertise. To address these limitation, an automated system is essential to simplify the identification and classification processes. This research is combined approach to timber feature extraction based on texture and color. The three methods used are: 1) The method of Wavelet for spatial texture extraction, 2) The color moment method for extraction statistical color information (mean, standard deviation, and skewness), and 3) the Multi Layer Perceptron Method, where Multi Layer Perceptron is used to classify the extraction result from Wavelet and color moment
GMMTV’s Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Strategy for Market Expansion in Indonesia, 2020–2025
GMMTV, a Thai entertainment company, excels at global digital content marketing and strategically targets Indonesia. This study analyzes GMMTV’s Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategy for marketing its entertainment products in Indonesia, a Southeast Asian country. The study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, using secondary data such as official social media posts, Indonesian mass media reports, documentation of promotional activities, audience interactions on digital platforms, and official merchandise materials. Guided by the IMC concept from Kotler and Keller, the research method involves systematically identifying and interpreting how the six IMC components (advertising; online, social media, and mobile communication; events and experiences; word of mouth; publicity and public relations; and packaging) are applied. The results show varying degrees of localization among these components. The strategies emphasize digital media optimization, audience experience, and public exposure in Indonesia, while packaging remains generic and targets the global market. Overall, these findings indicate that GMMTV employs an adaptive marketing communication approach across multiple channels for Indonesian audiences.
Strengthening Artistic Competence Through Angklung Performance in the Merdeka Curriculum: A Qualitative Study of PGSD Students
The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes student-centered learning through authentic and meaningful experiences that support competency and character development. One learning approach aligned with these objectives is arts-based project learning through angklung performance. This study aimed to explore how angklung performance contributes to strengthening the artistic competence of Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) students within the context of the Merdeka Curriculum. A qualitative case study design was employed involving PGSD students at Nusa Putra University, Sukabumi, who participated in a series of angklung performance activities as part of project-based learning. Data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, reflective documentation, and field notes. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis supported by source triangulation and member checking to ensure trustworthiness. The findings revealed four major themes: improvement of musical and artistic skills, enhancement of collaborative learning and communication, strengthening of cultural awareness and appreciation of local heritage, and development of responsibility, discipline, and self-confidence. However, participants also encountered challenges related to limited musical backgrounds and restricted rehearsal time. The study demonstrates that angklung performance serves as an effective culturally responsive learning strategy that supports artistic competence development while promoting the values of the Pancasila Student Profile. These findings provide practical implications for integrating traditional arts into teacher education programs within the Merdeka Curriculum framework
The Use Of Youtube In Mandarin Language Learning
The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of using YouTube in Mandarin language learning, examined through YouTube content characteristics, student motivation and engagement, challenges in using YouTube, and pedagogical implications. This study employs a qualitative observation method, in which the researcher conducts direct observations of students’ interactions with Mandarin learning content on YouTube. The conclusion of this study indicates that YouTube is an effective tool in Mandarin language learning. Although challenges exist regarding content quality and potential distractions, this study affirms that YouTube can enrich the learning experience and support a more comprehensive and authentic mastery of the Mandarin language.
Strengthening The Integration Of Specific And Sensitive Interventions In Regional Planning And Budgeting To Prevent And Accelerate The Reduction Of Stunting In Gianyar Regency
Stunting represents a major human development challenge with long-term consequences for human capital quality, economic productivity, and regional competitiveness. Efforts to accelerate stunting reduction require the integration of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions across sectors within regional planning and budgeting systems. Although Gianyar Regency has achieved relatively low stunting prevalence compared to the national average, challenges remain in ensuring systematic policy integration within regional development planning documents. This policy paper aims to analyze issues related to cross-sectoral integration of stunting interventions and to formulate the most effective policy alternatives for strengthening convergence in regional planning and budgeting. This study employs a public policy analysis approach using qualitative methods based on a review of national and regional policy documents. Alternative policy options are assessed using Bardach’s analytical framework. The analysis focuses on regulatory linkages, institutional governance, and regional planning and budgeting mechanisms in supporting accelerated stunting reduction. The findings indicate that the main challenges lie in weak regulatory binding at the regional level, sectoral approaches in local agency planning, and budgeting practices that are not yet performance- or outcome-oriented toward stunting reduction. These conditions result in fragmented implementation of specific and sensitive interventions, limiting the effectiveness of public expenditure in reducing stunting prevalence. Three policy alternatives are compared: maintaining the status quo, issuing an executive circular, and establishing binding regional regulations supported by annual executive decrees. The analysis shows that the regulatory approach provides the highest effectiveness in integrating cross-sectoral policies, improving budget efficiency, and strengthening implementation accountability. Therefore, the paper recommends the formulation of binding regional regulations to ensure the integration of stunting interventions into planning and budgeting documents, thereby enhancing convergence-based governance and accelerating sustainable stunting reduction outcomes.
12-Year Compulsory Learning Program In Grade Vii Through Citizenship Project In PPKn Subject At State Middle School 49 Surabaya
This study aimed to analyze the implementation of Citizenship Project-based learning in PPKn subjects to support the 12-year compulsory education program at SMP Negeri 49 Surabaya. The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) involving 33 students of class VIII-B. The research was conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through classroom observations, student participation assessments, reflective notes, and project performance rubrics. The findings showed that the Citizenship Project improved students’ critical thinking, participation, collaboration, and argumentative skills. Student participation increased from 65 percent in Cycle I to 87 percent in Cycle II. In addition, students demonstrated greater confidence in expressing opinions and solving social issues related to education and citizenship. The implementation of project-based civic learning also strengthened students’ understanding of democratic values and social responsibility. Therefore, the Citizenship Project can serve as an innovative learning model in PPKn to support active, democratic, and meaningful learning aligned with the goals of the 12-year compulsory education program.
Fazlur Rahman’s Neo-Modernist Thought and the Epistemological Critique of Knowledge Integration in Indonesian Islamic Education
This article examines the neo-modernist thought of Fazlur Rahman regarding the integration of tradition and modernity, as well as its relevance to the reform of Islamic education in Indonesia. The study focuses on three main issues: how Rahman understands the relationship between turats and modernity; how his ideas on the reconstruction of intellectual tradition can be applied to Islamic education; and to what extent this framework can be used to assess the knowledge integration movement in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative approach through library research, analysing Rahman’s major works and relevant secondary literature. The findings indicate that the integration of tradition and modernity in Rahman’s thought is grounded in the hermeneutics of the ‘double movement’, a historical-critical reading of tradition, and the ethical orientation of the Qur’an. In the field of education, Rahman rejects educational models that merely passively transmit scholarly heritage and emphasises the need for a reconstruction of intellectual tradition capable of linking religious knowledge, modern science, and moral responsibility. This study also demonstrates that the knowledge integration movement in Indonesia has developed at the levels of vision and institutional framework, but often remains limited to symbolic integration, such as the inclusion of verses, hadiths, or Islamic studies courses. The contribution of this article lies in the use of Rahman’s framework as an epistemological critical tool to distinguish symbolic integration of knowledge from integration that genuinely reconstructs the way of thinking in Islamic education.
Groundwater Filtration Monitoring System with IOT-based Water Clarity Parameters using Node Red
Groundwater quality, as the primary source of domestic needs, often experiences fluctuations in turbidity levels, which affect its suitability. Conventional filtration systems commonly used by the public have weaknesses in monitoring aspects, where checking water conditions and filter saturation is still done manually and not in real time. This research aims to design a monitoring system for the quality of groundwater filtration results based on the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on water clarity parameters. This system is designed using a turbidity sensor to detect turbidity levels in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) units integrated with a microcontroller as a data processing unit. The sensor data is then transmitted via the internet network to a server for processing and visualization. Node-RED is used as the main platform to build a user interface monitoring dashboard. The research methods include hardware design, software development, and testing of sensor reading accuracy and system responsiveness. The test results show that the system is able to read water turbidity values ​​accurately with an average sensor reading error percentage of 2 percent and displays data in real-time on the Node-RED dashboard in the form of graphs and status indicators. The implementation of this system makes it easier for users to monitor water quality remotely and determine filter maintenance times more precisely.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wahana : Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethics Oversight Practices of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia
Enforcing professional ethics in legislative institutions is a fundamental aspect to maintain the dignity, honor, and credibility of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI). Ethics, philosophically derived from the concept of ethos, encompasses the values, motives, and behaviors that must be adhered to by every member of the council as a representative of the people. This study aims to analyze the authority of the Council Ethics Court (MKD) in enforcing the DPR Code of Ethics and evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation. Using normative juridical research methods, this study utilizes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials to assess the institutional structure, mechanisms for handling violations, and the implementation of ethical sanctions against council members. The results show that the MKD has strategic authority to examine, adjudicate, and provide recommendations for sanctions for violations of the code of ethics, ranging from warnings to dismissal. However, the effectiveness of the MKD still faces challenges, particularly related to indications of favoritism, political obstacles, and a lack of proactive initiatives in following up on alleged violations. Optimal oversight requires transparency, independence, and the involvement of external stakeholders to ensure that ethics enforcement is not merely a formality. This study confirms that strengthening the MKD as an instrument of checks and balances is a crucial step to improve the integrity of the legislative body and restore public trust. Consistent implementation of the code of ethics is expected to foster a clean, professional, and accountable political culture within the Indonesian constitutional system.
Digital Marketing Standardization Strategy for Photoism Using K-pop Artists via Instagram for 2022-2024
Photo booth is a self-photo service with a series of components designed to capture photos automatically using digital cameras equipped with technology such as computers and printers to control and print the photos. Photoism, one of the multinational companies engaged in photography, is the largest self-help studio in South Korea that provides photo booth services. Photoism's success in marketing its photography services cannot be separated from the influence of the popularity of Korean culture (Hallyu Wave) which is widely favored by the younger generation. Through its collaboration with several Kpop agencies, Photoism has successfully expanded to various countries with a total of more than 220 branches. This research will focus on the digital marketing standardization strategy of Photoism using Kpop Artist through Instagram social media in 2022-2024. The research is conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with secondary data collection techniques through literature studies. The resarch showed how Photoism's digital marketing standardization strategy through social media for the service products offered in collaboration with K-pop idols to create aligned standards across all branch locations. The research results show a standardized form of Photoism marketing through its official Instagram in various countries as a strategy to expand market reach and enhance Photoism branding in the international arena.
Digital Marketing Standardization Strategy
Analysis Of The Effect Of Key Opinion Leaders On Purchase Intention For Household Products On The Instagram Account @Ulvilolyamanda
The utilization of Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) on Instagram social media has become a popular marketing strategy. This research aims to examine and analyze the partial and simultaneous influence of three main source attributes—Trustworthiness, Attractiveness, and Expertise—on the Purchase Intention of household product consumers among followers of the @ulvilolyamanda Instagram account. The study employs a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data was processed using Multiple Linear Regression analysis techniques. The research sample consisted of active followers of the @ulvilolyamanda Instagram account who had been exposed to household product promotional content and were at least 18 years old. The analysis results indicate that simultaneously, Trustworthiness, Attractiveness, and Expertise significantly influence Purchase Intention. However, partially, only Trustworthiness and Expertise have a positive and significant influence on Purchase Intention. The Expertise variable was identified as the most dominant predictor (β=0.444). Conversely, Attractiveness did not have a significant partial influence (Sig.=0.252) on Purchase Intention. Descriptively, all KOL attribute variables were perceived as very good by the respondents. The Purchase Intention of household product consumers is dominated by cognitive factors (expertise and honesty) rather than affective factors (visual attractiveness). The implication of this finding is that household product brands should prioritize content that highlights the KOL's technical expertise in product usage and the honesty of reviews to maximize the potential conversion of consumer purchase intention.
The Role of Women’s Political Leadership (Case Study: Senggreng Village, Malang Regency)
Addressing the interests and needs of women is a fundamental aspect of the development process, especially within village contexts. This is not only important for producing policies that meet women’s needs but also for accommodating the interests of other marginalized groups that have historically been overlooked. Currently, village head positions in Malang Regency remain predominantly held by men. Indirectly, this indicates that the resulting development policies have not yet adequately addressed the needs of women in villages across Malang Regency. However, Senggreng Village, under the leadership of a female village head, has successfully accommodated the needs of women, particularly in the areas of Village Development and Community Empowerment. The findings of this study revealed that the Village Head of Senggreng implements innovative, responsive, and participatory approaches in formulating developmental policies and programs
Analysis of the Learning Process in Body Massage Skills Training for PGOT Beneficiaries at Mardi Utomo Social Service Center
PThe Mardi Utomo PGOT Social Service Center (PPS) seeks to empower its beneficiaries (PGOT) through vocational skills training, namely body massage treatments. Body massage treatment training is very easy to do and the level of community demand for massage has been high since ancient times and the capital required is relatively small. This study aims to analyze the process of learning body massage skills for beneficiaries (PGOT) at the Mardi Utomo PGOT Social Service Center (PPS) including the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The study was conducted for 5 months followed by 10 female beneficiary respondents aged 20-50 years. Data collection techniques included observation, unstructured interviews with respondents and 2 social workers as supporting informants and document studies. The results of the analysis show that the planning stage of facilities and instructors has been prepared, but the mental readiness, ethics and communication of PGOT beneficiaries are the main challenges. The implementation stage uses direct practice methods. The average score of the initial learning motivation of beneficiaries is 72.8 (moderate category) indicating sufficient enthusiasm. However, motivation decreased in the middle of the learning and increased again at the end. The challenges of adult learning in the evaluation stage show that PGOT beneficiaries are still weak in soft skills such as ethics, interpersonal communication and emotional management. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of vocational skills training for body massage care at PPS Mardi Utomo faces psychosocial and intrinsic motivational obstacles that have the potential to hinder the achievement of empowerment goals. The success of the program depends on the ability to integrate soft skills (ethics, communication, emotional management) and hard skills (massage techniques) in a balanced manner.
Differences in Premenopausal Syndrome Between Users of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Contraceptive Methods
Premenopause, menopause, and postmenopause are three phases that women will experience when they are aged 40 to 50 years. The menopause phase is usually preceded by the premenopause phase. This study aims to determine the difference in premenopause syndrome between hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive acceptors. The research design used was an analytic survey research design with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples in this study was hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive acceptors, selected using purposive sampling. The data analysis used was the Paired Sample t-Test. The results showed that the majority of hormonal contraceptive acceptors were in the "no premenopause syndrome" category, totaling 18 respondents (78.3 percent, and the "mild" category, totaling 5 people (21.percent). For non-hormonal contraceptive acceptors, the "no" and "moderate" categories each had 4 respondents (17.4 percent), the "mild" category had 13 respondents (56.5 percent), and the "severe" category had 2 respondents (8.7 percent). With the independent sample t-test $p$-value (0.043 is less than 0.05), H0 is rejected, meaning there is a difference in premenopause syndrome between hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive acceptors at, Tajinan sub-district. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in premenopause syndrome between hormonal and non-hormonal acceptors. Therefore, health workers can provide education regarding ways to overcome premenopause syndrome and encourage contraceptive acceptors to adopt a healthy lifestyle and exercise regularly.
Community-Based Training as a Solution to Fluctuating Poverty in Sub-districts
Poverty in urban areas such as the subdistricts (kelurahan) of Buleleng Regency shows significant fluctuations, even though the overall poverty rate has declined. This phenomenon indicates unstable welfare dynamics, particularly among vulnerable groups within the lowest three income deciles. This policy study aims to identify the main causes of poverty fluctuation and formulate relevant policy alternatives for local government implementation. Based on secondary data analysis from BPS and the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture (Kemenko PMK), along with theoretical reviews, the core issue lies in the instability of household income caused by low human resource competitiveness and the limited provision of government-supported skills training programs. The Human Capital Theory framework is applied to emphasize the importance of investing in human capacity development as a sustainable poverty alleviation strategy, compared to the Infrastructure-Led Development approach, which requires higher costs and extensive land resources. The study proposes three policy alternatives: (1) vocational and entrepreneurship training, (2) participatory community-based training, and (3) training integrated with basic service infrastructure. Using Bardach’s analytical framework—covering technical, economic, political, and administrative feasibility—the participatory community-based training approach emerged as the most viable option. This policy highlights community involvement in designing and implementing training programs aligned with local needs, continuous mentoring, and collaboration with local stakeholders. Its implementation is expected to enhance human resource competitiveness, strengthen community economic independence, and reduce poverty fluctuation sustainably. The study recommends allocating at least 50% of subdistrict funds to community-based training initiatives, supported by measurable indicators of success such as post-training productivity, self-reliance, and community welfare improvement.
Policy Strategy To Optimize Corporate Social And Environmental Responsibility Implementation In Buleleng Regency
This policy paper discusses strategies for optimizing the implementation of Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (CSR) in Buleleng Regency, which has not yet been implemented effectively. Of the 1,421 registered companies, only 7.67 percent have implemented CSR. This situation is caused by weak coordination among stakeholders due to the lack of technical guidelines (juknis) and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for CSR implementation. The research used a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and document studies. The analysis was conducted with reference to institutional theory (Scott, 2001), stakeholder theory (Freeman, 1984), and the principles of good governance (UNDP, 1997). Three policy alternatives are proposed: (1) strengthening the CSR Forum through the development of articles of association (AD/ART), (2) developing and establishing CSR Technical Guidelines and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and (3) developing a digital-based CSR information system. Based on the assessment using the Bardach (2012) method for the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, political feasibility, sustainability and public acceptability, the second alternative obtained the highest score (23). This policy is considered the most strategic because it clarifies coordination mechanisms, increases legal certainty, and serves as a foundation for strengthening forums and digitizing the system in the future. Implementation of this policy is expected to achieve more transparent, measurable, and sustainable CSR governance, as well as strengthen synergy between local governments, businesses, and communities for inclusive and equitable development in Buleleng Regency.
Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility
Implementation of the E-Worksheet ‘Our Oxygen (O₂) Friends’ to Enhance Elementary School Students’ Learning Motivation in the Era of Education 5.0
This study aims to examine the implementation of the Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) “Our Oxygen (O₂) Friends” as a tool to enhance elementary students’ learning motivation in the context of Education 5.0. The research was motivated by the low learning motivation observed among students, particularly in the Natural Science (IPA) subject, which involves numerous abstract concepts requiring innovative, interactive, and contextual learning media. A quasi-experimental design with a One Group Pretest–Posttest approach was employed, involving 27 fifth-grade students at MI Muhammadiyah 1 Probolinggo. The research instrument consisted of a reflection sheet based on Uno’s learning motivation indicators, including persistence, interest, attention, enthusiasm, responsibility, and engagement. The findings revealed a substantial improvement in students’ learning motivation, with the mean score increasing from 64.0 to 83.2, representing a 29.9% gain. The most notable improvements were observed in the indicators of interest (33.9%) and enthusiasm (33.8%). These results indicate that the E-LKPD provides a more engaging and enjoyable learning experience while simultaneously fostering early ecological awareness. Consequently, the Our Oxygen (O₂) Friends E-LKPD can be considered an innovative and effective learning medium that aligns with the objectives of 21st-century education.
Copyright (c) 2024 Wahana : Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Chia Seeds ( Salvia Hispanica ) on Increasing Hemoglobin (Hb) Levels to Prevent Anemia
Anemia occurs when hemoglobin levels in the blood fall below normal levels. This is a significant health issue, particularly among children, adolescent girls, and pregnant and breastfeeding women. Untreated anemia in adolescents can negatively impact health in adulthood, including the risk of pregnancy complications, which in turn increases the risk of stunting and maternal and infant mortality. Efforts to prevent anemia include consuming foods containing iron, folic acid, and vitamins A, C, and E, supplemented with zinc and supplementation with iron tablets. Chia seeds are a natural ingredient with health potential, the protein and mineral content in chia seeds supports the process of hemoglobin formation to prevent anemia. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of chia seed consumption on increasing hemoglobin levels. The method used was a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-tests on two groups. A sample of 80 respondents was selected purposively and divided into two groups. The first group was given 15 grams of chia seeds once daily for 14 days, and the second group received 50 mg of vitamin C twice daily for 14 days. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed an increase in hemoglobin levels with an average of 1.3 grams per deciliter and a P value of less than 0.005, which means that giving chia seeds had a effect on increasing hemoglobin levels in female students at the Syamsul Arifin Islamic boarding school. In conclusion, chia seeds are effective in increasing hemoglobin levels to prevent anemia.
Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Aging in Distribution Transformer Insulating Oil on Dielectric Characteristics
Transformer oil plays a crucial role as both an electrical insulator and coolant in power distribution systems. Over time, however, it undergoes degradation due to thermal stress, oxidation, and contamination, resulting in a decline in its dielectric properties. This study aims to analyze the impact of aging on the insulating capability of transformer oil and evaluate the effectiveness of purification in restoring its quality. Experiments were conducted on three brands of transformer oil Shell Diala S4, PSP, and Pri Apar in new, aged (in-service), and purified conditions. Breakdown voltage testing was employed alongside Weibull distribution analysis to assess dielectric failure probabilities. The results demonstrate that aged oil exhibits a significant reduction in breakdown voltage, indicating a higher risk of insulation failure. Purification was found to be effective in improving the breakdown voltage of aged oils, restoring their dielectric strength close to or even exceeding that of new oil. Specifically, purified aged Shell Diala S4 oil showed a 70% increase in breakdown voltage, PSP oil improved by 50%, and Pri Apar oil by 47%. Among the tested brands, Shell Diala S4 exhibited the best and most stable dielectric performance both before and after purification. The Weibull analysis confirmed that aged oils have a higher probability of dielectric failure over time, underscoring the importance of regular maintenance. This study recommends periodic purification to maintain the insulating performance of transformer oils and highlights the importance of selecting high-quality oils to ensure long-term system reliability. Shell Diala S4 is recommended for critical and long-term distribution system applications due to its superior insulating performance and greater resistance to degradation. In contrast, PSP and Pri Apar oils, while viable for less demanding applications, should be subject to more frequent monitoring and purification to mitigate the risk of insulation failure.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Moisture and Dew Point Characteristics of SF₆ Gas in 150 kV GIS Circuit Breakers: Operational Insights from Krembangan Substation
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF₆) gas is widely used as an insulating and arc-quenching medium in Gas Insulated Substations (GIS), particularly in high-voltage equipment such as Power Circuit Breakers. The performance and reliability of SF₆ gas are strongly influenced by two key parameters: moisture content and dew point. Excessive moisture can reduce the dielectric strength of the gas, increase the risk of internal flashovers, and ultimately lead to equipment failure. This study aims to analyze the moisture content and dew point values of SF₆ gas in circuit breakers installed at the 150 kV GIS in Krembangan Substation. The analysis evaluates whether these parameters remain within acceptable limits according to international standards specifically CIGRE Technical Brochure No. 234 and IEEE Std. 1125. The method involved collecting test data using an SF₆ gas analyzer, followed by standardization calculations to assess gas quality. The results show that all measured moisture content values are well below the factory maximum limit of 500 ppmv and also comply with the calculated thresholds of CIGRE standards. Likewise, the dew point measurements fall within the factory-recommended range of -20°C to -30°C. After applying standard conversion calculations, the dew point results still meet CIGRE guidelines, remaining above the critical value of -5°C. These findings indicate that the SF₆ gas in all five PMTs at GIS 150 kV Krembangan remains in good condition and continues to meet international reliability and safety standards.
Global Mapping of Research on Mathematics Learning Difficulties: A Bibliometric Analysis of Cognitive Factors and Educational Technology
Difficulty learning mathematics is a crucial issue in global education, influencing cognitive development and student achievement. This study aims to map global research trends on difficulty learning mathematics and cognitive factors using a bibliometric approach. A total of 215 initial documents were identified from the Scopus database for the 2016–2025 period, which were then rigorously screened, resulting in 168 relevant documents for analysis. Analysis was performed using VOSviewer 1.6.20, focusing on publication and citation trend analysis, keyword co-occurrence, and collaboration networks of authors and institutions. The results indicate a dominance of contributions from developed countries (the United States, England, China), followed by increasing participation from developing countries like Indonesia. Major research clusters include working memory, mathematics anxiety, problem solving, and the integration of machine learning and gamification. Practically, this mapping provides a foundation for curriculum developers and educators to design technology-based adaptive learning interventions, while also fostering international collaboration to address the global mathematics literacy gap.
Social Media and the Commodification of Reactions: Batik’s TikTok Live and Economic Attention
This article explores the phenomenon of reaction commodification in live batik sales broadcasts on TikTok, a practice gaining significant popularity in Indonesia. In the context of the attention economy, users' emotional reactions—whether comments, virtual gifts, or expressions of awe or anger—have become valuable economic assets. This research employs a qualitative approach using netnography and content analysis of three prominent hosts: Farhan (72 Batik), Rama (Batik Nawilis), and Tulus (Sanarakarta Batik). The findings indicate that these hosts do more than just sell; they act as digital cultural performers who craft narratives, visual scenarios, and manipulate audience emotions to capture the spotlight and generate income. This practice of reaction commodification carries complex social and cultural implications. On one hand, it opens new economic opportunities for local cultural practitioners. On the other hand, it threatens the authentic meaning of batik as an intangible cultural heritage, risking its reduction to mere spectacle. This study highlights the dynamics of local cultural representation within the global pull of digital platforms. It also offers a critical reflection on the ethical boundaries and future directions of digital cultural policy. Finally, this article paves the way for further research on the relationship between the attention economy, digital performativity, and the sustainability of local culture on social media.
Commodification of Reactions, Pop Culture, Attention Economy, Social Media, Netnography
Literature Review : The Effectiveness of Interactive Mijiwa Media to Write Javanese Script
Abstrak Perkembangan teknologi digital telah membuka peluang baru dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa pada materi aksara Jawa yang selama ini cenderung kurang diminati dan sulit diajarkan. Dalam konteks tersebut, penting untuk mengkaji sejauh mana media berbasis web mampu menjawab tantangan pembelajaran berdasarkan pengalaman visual dan praktik menulis. Artikel ini membahas efektivitas Mijiwa (multimedia interaktif Jawa berbasis web), sebuah media pembelajaran berbasis web terhadap peningkatan keterampilan menulis aksara Jawa bagi peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif terhadap publikasi ilmiah yang terbit pada periode 2020-2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Mijiwa memiliki keunggulan dalam menyajikan pembelajaran yang interaktif dan kontekstual melalui integrasi fitur multimodal dan latihan soal berbasis dinamis. Akses yang mudah melalui perangkat pribadi seperti smartphone memberikan kesempatan bagi peserta didik untuk belajar secara fleksibel, kapan pun dan di mana pun. Media ini juga mampu mendorong partisipasi aktif dan meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa terhadap materi aksara Jawa. Oleh karena itu, Mijiwa dinilai relevan sebagai inovasi pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa yang adaptif terhadap gaya belajar generasi digital. Kata kunci: Aksara Jawa, Media Pembelajaran, Mijiwa, Pembelajaran berbasis Web, Studi Literatur Abstract The development of digital technology has opened new chances in learning Javanese mainly in Javanese script in which many students were less interested in and hard to learn. So, it is important to study how far the web based media able to answer the learning challenge based on the visual and writing experience. This article discusses about whether Mijiwa (multimedia interaktif Jawa berbasis web) could improve the ability of writing Javanese script to the students. This study used literature study method through qualitative descriptive approach to the scientific publication released in 2020-2025. The result of the study showed that Mijiwa had superiority in interactive and contextual learning through the multimodal feature integration and dynamic based test. The easy access through smartphone gave chances to the students to learn flexibly both time and places. This media was also able to support the students to be active and improve the learning motivation to the Javanese script. So, Mijiwa was identified relevant with adaptive Javanese learning innovation to the digital generation learning styles. Keywords: The Javanese Script, Learning Media, Mijiwa, Web based Learning, Literature Study
Study of ACSR Conductor Characteristics on Power Losses and Voltage Drop in 500 kV Transmission Lines: A Case Study at Krian-Ungaran
The transmission system is the stage of electricity distribution from the generator to the substation to the distribution system. During the process of distributing electric power, there is a voltage regulation that occurs whether it is still within safe limits or not because if it exceeds safe limits it can cause damage to electrical equipment. Power losses can occur due to several factors, namely insulator leaks, distance, and others. One of the issues identified is the use of ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) conductors, which, although commonly used due to their mechanical strength and relatively low cost, also contribute to significant power losses due to their resistance and susceptibility to environmental effects such as temperature rise. The transmission network in this study uses ACSR type conductor wire with a Dove type and a cross-sectional area of 327,77 mm² over a distance of 251 km, with a resistance value of 0.1024 Ω/km. The manual calculation method was employed by recording current and voltage values that change every day for one month. The conclusion obtained from manual calculations of power losses and voltage regulation is that the percentage of voltage regulation on transmission lines for one month remains within the safe limit, where the maximum allowed is 10 percent. However, despite the voltage being regulated within limits, significant power losses were recorded, with the highest loss being 16,79 MW and the lowest 6,01 MW. The total power losses on the transmission network for one month reached 272,92 MW, with an average of 9,09 MW per day. These findings highlight the drawback of using ACSR conductors in long-distance transmission lines, emphasizing the need for consideration of alternative conductor types or loss-reduction strategies to improve overall transmission efficiency.
Calculation of Tsunami Wave Run-Up and Velocity in Sidangoli Bay, West Halmahera
Due to its complex and unique geological tectonic system, North Maluku is prone to tsunami hazards. The cause of the tsunami is likely to be a megathrust earthquake. Although there are few casualties and only localized tsunamis, they significantly affect the region's stability. One of the areas recorded by the Indonesian paleo tsunami database on 28 June 1859, when a strong earthquake occurred in the Maluku Sea with a magnitude of 7, was Sidangoli Bay, with a tsunami wave run-up of 10 meters. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the run-up and velocity of tsunami waves to mitigate tsunami disasters. The calculation method uses mathematical equations with a Python program combining various parameters. The data processing resulted in tsunami modelling showing the run-up value and tsunami wave speed in Sidangoli Bay, South Jailolo. The tsunami wave propagation speed reached 80 meters/second, and the tsunami wave height reached 28 meters. The run-up and velocity of tsunami waves in Sidangoli Bay are significant and may destroy anything in their path.
Product Differentiation and Brand Image on Mobile Phone Purchasing Decision
This study aims to determine the effect of product differentiation and brand image on mobile phone purchasing decisions (study at Toko Rejeki Seluler Merauke). The independent variables used in this study are product differentiation and brand image, while the dependent variable is the purchasing decision. The population used in this study was consumers who had purchased mobile phone products at Toko Rejeki Seluler Merauke, namely 50 respondents, with sampling using the same population formula as the sample, namely 50 respondents. The method used in this study was the random sampling method. The data collection technique used in this study was a quantitative questionnaire. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study results showed that partial product differentiation had a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions, and brand image had a positive and significant impact on buying decisions. The R Square (R²) value of 0.474 indicates that the magnitude of product differentiation and brand image on Purchase Interest is 47.4 percent. In comparison, the remaining 53.6 percent is explained by other variables outside the two variables above.