Effect of Soybean Flour Fortification (Glycine Max) and the Administration of Vitamin C on the Increase in Hemoglobin (Hb) Levels among Adolescents with Anemia at Gresik District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36456/embrio.v17i1.10211Keywords:
Fortification, Flour, Soybean, AnemiaAbstract
Adolescents are included in such group that is vulnerable to anemia since they are in a rapid growth period with high nutritional needs, especially for iron. Unbalanced eating pattern, lack of iron intake, extreme diet habits, and menstruation among adolescent girls may increase the risk of anemia. Anemia in adolescents does not only affect physical health, such as fatigue, dizziness, and decreased endurance, but can also affect concentration, learning achievement, as well as cognitive and emotional development. This was a quantitative quasi experimental study with One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design. The study population involved 78 students with anemia. Purposive sampling technique was applied to obtain 65 respondents as the study sampels based on the Slovin formula. This measuring device used here was a digital hemoglobinometer (portable). Statistic test applied independent t-test. The study results obtained a P-value of <0.05 which indicated a significant effect of interventions on hemoglobin levels. It can be concluded that there was an effect of soybean flour fortification (glycine max) and the administration of vitamin C on the increase in hemoglobin (Hb) levels.
References
Alamu, E. O., Oyeyinka, S. A., Bolarinwa, I. F., & Popoola, I. (2017). Assessment of nutritional characteristics of products developed using soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) pipeline and improved varieties. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 3(1), Article 1398042. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2017.1398042
Alamu, E. O., Popoola, I., & Maziya-Dixon, B. (2018). Effect of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) flour inclusion on the nutritional properties and consumer preference of fritters for improved household nutrition. Food Science & Nutrition, 6(7), 1811–1816. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.751
Bansal, R., Singh, A., Sharma, M., & Verma, P. (2020). Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Adesh University Journal of Medical Sciences & Research, 2(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.25259/aujmsr_8_2020
Belhaj, R., Tazi, I., Barkat, A., & Lamsyah, H. (2025). Study of clinical manifestations and etiol-ogies of megaloblastic anemia in children. Transfusion Clinique et Biologique, 32, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2025.01.006
Buckner, C. A., Lafrenie, R. M., Dénommée, J. A., Caswell, J. M., & Want, D. A. (2016). Liveness detection in biometrics. In Advanced Biometric Technologies. IntechOpen. https://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-biometric-technologies/liveness-detection-in-biometrics
Muchtar, F., Ruwiah, Lestari, R., Effendy, D. S., Bahar, H., Insana, N., Mardini, Wanti, S. (2025). Pemeriksaan Hemoglobin Darah Remaja Putri Sebagai Upaya Deteksi Dini Anemia Di De-sa Wawatu. Indonesian Journal of Community Dedication, 3(1), 101–109. https://jurnal.academiacenter.org/index.php/IJCD/article/view/654
De Freitas Ortega, N., Silva, T. A., Oliveira, M. B., & Gomes, R. T. (2025). Effect of encapsulat-ing agents and spray nozzle diameters on vitamin C retention in microcapsules of Cam-pomanesia adamantium fruits by spray drying. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 17, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-024-03708-2
Hamad, A., & Singh, P. (2025). Boosting nutritional value: The role of iron fortification in meat and meat products. BioMetals, 38(2), 337–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-024-00659-1
He, M., Zhang, Y., Liu, R., & Wang, T. (2024). Status and determinants of anemia in postpartum women and its influence on offspring. Preprints, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.1476.v1
He, T., Li, Y., Xu, Z., & Huang, Z. (2024). LACC1 deficiency leading to juvenile arthritis and anemia. Clinical Immunology, 265, 110290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2024.110290
Kirana, R., & Laili, F. J. (2025). Hubungan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pekapuran Raya. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 1(8), 1136–1143. https://doi.org/10.59837/jpnmb.v1i8.209
Lane, D. J. R., & Richardson, D. R. (2014). The active role of vitamin C in mammalian iron me-tabolism: Much more than just enhanced iron absorption! Free Radical Biology and Medi-cine, 75, 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.007
Maggiore, G., & Sciveres, M. (2024). Giant cell hepatitis associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia: More evidence for B-cell depletion therapy for a rare immune-mediated disease of infancy. Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 48(8), 102435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102435
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Indonesia health profile 2021. Pusdatin Kemenkes RI. https://www.kemkes.go.id/downloads/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/Profil-Kesehatan-2021.pdf
Notobroto, H. B. (2020). Statistika kedokteran dan kesehatan. Unair Press.
Pecher, A. C., Nguyen, L. T., Schiffer, L., & Wulffraat, N. M. (2024). Anemia and iron deficien-cy in pregnant women with rheumatic diseases. Joint Bone Spine, 91(1), Article 105650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105650
Rathee, S., Arora, M., Kumar, M., & Sharma, V. (2025). Decoration of Fe3O4-vitamin C nano-particles on alginate-chitosan nanocomplex: Characterization, safety, bioaccessibility boost and iron nanofortification in A2 goat milk gels. Food Chemistry, 470, 142711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142711
Samson, K. L. I., Fischer, J. A. J., & Roche, M. L. (2022). Iron status, anemia, and iron interven-tions and their associations with cognitive and academic performance in adolescents: A systematic review. Nutrients, 14(1), Article 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010224
Uro-chukwu, H. C. (2025). Anti-inflammatory effects of a cocoyam-bambara groundnut-soya bean flour blend in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. South Asian Research Journal of Nursing and Pharmacology, 8(1), Article 184. https://doi.org/10.9734/sarjnp/2025/v8i1184
World Health Organization. (2021). Global anaemia estimates, 2021 edition: Global anaemia estimates in women of reproductive age, by pregnancy status, and in children aged 6–59 months. WHO. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/anaemia_in_women_and_children
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Desta Ayu Cahya Rosyida
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
