THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL EMPLOYMENT ON THE SOCIAL INTERACTION OF 5–6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN AT NURUL HIDAYAH KINDERGARTEN, KADEMANGAN DISTRICT, PROBOLINGGO CITY
Pengaruh Orang Tua Pekerja Terhadap Interaksi Sosial Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Nurul Hidayah Kecamatan Kademangan Kota Probolinggo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36456/incrementapedia.vol8.no2.a10944Keywords:
Parental Employment; Social Interaction; Early Childhood DevelopmentAbstract
This study examined the influence of parental employment on the social interaction of children aged 5–6 years at Nurul Hidayah Kindergarten, Kademangan District, Probolinggo City. A quantitative approach with a causal-associative research design was employed. The study involved 30 children selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires, structured observations, and teacher interviews, and analyzed using simple linear regression. The findings revealed that parental employment had a significant effect on children's social interaction (t = 2.98; p = 0.006 < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.215) indicated that parental employment explained 21.5% of the variance in children's social interaction, while the remaining 78.5% was influenced by other factors, including parenting style, the school environment, and peer relationships. Children whose parents had greater availability at home generally demonstrated better social interaction. However, the quality of communication and emotional support was found to be more influential than the amount of time spent together. In conclusion, parental employment influences children's social interaction but is not the only determining factor. Effective parent–child communication, emotional support, and positive school experiences play essential roles in fostering children's social development.
References
Aini, N., & Muryanti, E. (2022). Efektivitas Efektivitas Macromedia flash dalam Mengembangkan Kosakata Bahasa Inggris pada Anak Usia Dini. Incrementapedia: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 68–73.
Aisyah, A. (2020). Mengembangkan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Balok. Incrementapedia: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(2), 37–41.
Berk, L. E. (2018). The role of make-believe play in development of self-regulation. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development.
Boone, L. (2021). OECD-Interim economic outlook. Coronavirus: The Word Economy at Risk. Recuperado de: Https://Issuu. Com/Oecd. Publishing/Docs/Oecd-Interim-Economic-Outlookcoronavirus-Impact-M.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Han, W.-J., Hetzner, N. P., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2020). Employment and parenting. In Psychological insights for understanding COVID-19 and families, parents, and children (pp. 157–183). Routledge.
Jaga, M. R., Lomi, A. N. K., & Hornay, P. M. A. (2023). The social factors that influence children’s interactions and behavior in classroom. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 11(2), 200–209.
Lapanda, S., Sofia, A., & Drupadi, R. (2022). Hubungan Empati dengan Perilaku Prososial Anak Usia Dini: THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPATHY WITH THE PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF EARLY CHILDREN. Incrementapedia: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 1–7.
Moreira, H., Fonseca, A., Caiado, B., & Canavarro, M. C. (2019). Work-family conflict and mindful parenting: The mediating role of parental psychopathology symptoms and parenting stress in a sample of Portuguese employed parents. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 635.
Morris, A. S., Criss, M. M., Silk, J. S., & Houltberg, B. J. (2017). The impact of parenting on emotion regulation during childhood and adolescence. Child Development Perspectives, 11(4), 233–238.
Papalia, D. E., & Martorell, G. (2021). Desenvolvimento Humano-14. McGraw Hill Brasil.
Ruzea, I., Aliza, N., Afandes, M. F., & Yulianti, Y. (2023). Pengaruh Pola Komunikasi Demokratis Orang Tua terhadap Perkembangan Interaksi Sosial pada Anak. Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling, 7(2), 200–208.
Saral, B., & Acar, I. H. (2021). Preschool children’s social competence: The roles of parent–child, parent–parent, and teacher–child relationships. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 29(6), 856–876.
Statistik, B. P. (2019). Statistik ketenagakerjaan. Jakarta: Biro Pusat Statistik.
Wahyuni, S. (n.d.). Analisis Kesiapan Orang Tua Dalam Menghadapi Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di TK Islam Terpadu Al-Muthmainnah Kota Jambi. Analisis Kesiapan Orang Tua Dalam Menghadapi Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di TK Islam Terpadu Al-Muthmainnah Kota Jambi.
