Correction and Retracion

INVENTA: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, transparency, and completeness of the scholarly record. The journal recognizes its responsibility to authors, readers, reviewers, academic institutions, and the wider research community to ensure that published articles remain reliable and scientifically accountable.

Once an article has been published online, any modification to its content must follow established editorial procedures. Changes to published articles are permitted only when necessary to correct errors, address concerns about research integrity, clarify publication information, or maintain the accuracy of the scholarly record.

This policy is informed by internationally recognized publication ethics principles and the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). INVENTA adopts the following procedures for handling corrections, retractions, expressions of concern, publisher's notes, and exceptional article removals.

1. Erratum (Correction)

An Erratum is a formal notice describing errors or omissions identified in a previously published article that require correction but do not substantially invalidate the article's findings or overall conclusions.

Corrections may concern factual inaccuracies, typographical errors affecting interpretation, incorrect numerical values, mislabeled tables or figures, incomplete methodological descriptions, or other errors that may influence readers' understanding of the research.

Authors who identify significant errors in their published work are responsible for promptly informing the editorial board and providing a clear explanation of the corrections required.

The editorial board will evaluate the proposed corrections to determine whether they affect the reliability, interpretation, or scientific conclusions of the article.

When an Erratum is issued:

The correction notice will clearly identify the original article and describe the corrected information.
Any implications for the research findings or conclusions will be explained.
The original article will remain accessible on the journal website.
The correction notice will be made freely available to readers and linked to the original article.
Where the article itself is updated, the modification will be clearly identified and recorded to preserve publication transparency.

An Erratum is appropriate only when the corrected errors do not fundamentally compromise the validity or reliability of the research.

2. Retraction

A Retraction is a formal notice indicating that a previously published article contains serious problems that substantially undermine the reliability, validity, or integrity of its findings and conclusions.

Retraction may be considered under the following circumstances:

There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable because of substantial methodological errors, incorrect analyses, data fabrication, falsification, or other serious irregularities.
The article contains plagiarism or substantial unattributed material from previously published work.
The research has been published elsewhere without appropriate acknowledgment, permission, or justification.
The article reports research conducted in violation of applicable ethical standards, including requirements relating to informed consent, research participants, or confidentiality.
The article contains unauthorized or manipulated research data, images, or other materials that compromise the integrity of the findings.
There is evidence of serious authorship misrepresentation, compromised peer review, or other publication misconduct that undermines confidence in the article.
Other substantial errors or ethical violations make the article unsuitable for continued reliance as part of the scholarly literature.

For research involving elementary school students, teachers, or educational institutions, particular attention will be given to the protection of research participants, including the ethical handling of children's personal information, educational records, and research documentation.

The purpose of retraction is to correct the scientific record and protect readers from unreliable research, rather than to punish authors.

A retraction may be initiated following a request from the authors or an investigation conducted by the editorial board. The Editor-in-Chief retains responsibility for the final editorial decision, subject to appropriate procedures for managing conflicts of interest.

When an article is retracted:

A formal Retraction Notice will be published and made freely accessible.
The notice will identify the article, explain the reasons for retraction, and state who made the decision.
The original article will normally remain available as part of the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as "RETRACTED."
The retraction notice and the original article will be linked to each other.
The article's bibliographic information, including its DOI where applicable, will be preserved.
Where the authors do not unanimously agree with the retraction, this may be stated in the notice where appropriate.

Retraction decisions will be based on available evidence, editorial evaluation, and recognized publication ethics principles.

3. Publisher's Note

A Publisher's Note is a formal notice issued to inform readers about corrections or administrative changes arising from errors in the journal's editorial production or publication process.

Such errors may include incorrect article metadata, author names, affiliations, article titles, publication information, layout problems, or other production-related inaccuracies that significantly affect the identification or interpretation of a published article.

When a Publisher's Note is necessary, INVENTA will explain the nature of the error and the correction undertaken.

Where appropriate, a corrected version of the article may be uploaded to the journal website. Any replacement or revision must be accompanied by sufficient information to make the correction transparent.

The correction date will be documented, and the relationship between the original publication and the corrected version will be maintained.

Minor typographical or formatting errors that do not affect the scientific content, bibliographic integrity, or interpretation of an article may be corrected at the discretion of the editorial board, with an appropriate record of the change.

Publisher's Notes will be freely accessible to readers.

4. Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern is an editorial notice informing readers that serious questions have been raised regarding the integrity or reliability of a published article, but that the available evidence is insufficient to justify an immediate retraction.

The editorial board may issue an Expression of Concern when:

There are credible allegations of research or publication misconduct that have not yet been conclusively resolved.
Evidence suggests that published findings may be unreliable, but further investigation is required.
An investigation is ongoing and a final determination cannot reasonably be reached without a substantial delay.
Conflicting or incomplete information prevents the editorial board from making a definitive decision concerning correction or retraction.

An Expression of Concern will identify the relevant article and explain the nature of the concern without making unsupported accusations.

The notice will be publicly accessible and linked to the original article.

Following the completion of an investigation, the editorial board may issue a correction, a retraction, or a statement explaining that the concerns have been resolved.

Any subsequent decision will be documented transparently to preserve the publication history.

5. Article Withdrawal and Removal

INVENTA distinguishes between the withdrawal of a manuscript before publication and the removal of an article that has already been published.

Manuscript withdrawal before publication will be handled in accordance with the journal's editorial procedures and applicable submission policies.

Once an article has been formally published online, it becomes part of the scholarly record and will not ordinarily be removed from the journal website.

In rare and exceptional circumstances, the editorial board, in consultation with the publisher, may determine that removal or redaction is necessary.

Such circumstances may include:

A legal requirement or binding legal decision.
Serious violations of privacy or confidentiality.
Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive personal information, particularly information concerning children or vulnerable research participants.
Significant copyright or intellectual property infringements that cannot adequately be addressed through correction or retraction.
Other exceptional circumstances in which continued public availability would result in serious legal or ethical harm.

Where removal is necessary, INVENTA will endeavor to retain the article's bibliographic information and publish an explanatory notice, subject to applicable legal and confidentiality requirements.

Removal will not be used as a substitute for ordinary correction or retraction procedures.

6. Procedures for Post-Publication Corrections and Retractions

Requests or concerns regarding published articles may be submitted by authors, readers, reviewers, academic institutions, or other parties with relevant information.

The editorial board will assess each case using the following procedures:

Submission of concerns: The person reporting an error or ethical concern should provide the article title, relevant publication information, a description of the issue, and supporting evidence where available.
Preliminary assessment: The editorial board will examine whether the issue requires a minor correction, an Erratum, a Publisher's Note, an Expression of Concern, or a formal investigation.
Communication with authors: Where appropriate, the corresponding author and relevant co-authors will be invited to provide explanations, clarifications, or supporting documentation.
Editorial evaluation: The editorial board may consult independent experts, reviewers, or relevant institutions when additional assessment is required.
Editorial decision: The Editor-in-Chief or an appropriately designated independent editor will determine the necessary action in accordance with the available evidence and applicable publication ethics guidelines.
Publication of notice: If corrective action is required, the appropriate notice will be published and linked to the affected article.
Record preservation: The journal will maintain a transparent record of post-publication changes and update article information and indexing metadata where technically applicable.

All cases will be handled fairly, confidentially, and without unnecessary delay.

When serious concerns remain unresolved during an extended investigation, an Expression of Concern may be issued to inform readers.

7. Preservation of the Scholarly Record

INVENTA considers the preservation of the published scholarly record an essential responsibility of academic publishing.

Published articles will not ordinarily be silently modified, deleted, or replaced without an appropriate record of the changes.

Corrections, retractions, and editorial notices will be made freely accessible and linked to the relevant original publications.

Where applicable, the editorial board will ensure that changes are reflected in article metadata and communicated to relevant indexing or registration services.

There is no automatic time limit after which a published article becomes ineligible for correction or retraction. Decisions will be based on the nature and significance of the identified issue, regardless of the original publication date.

Through these procedures, INVENTA seeks to maintain transparency, accountability, reliability, and public confidence in the educational research it publishes.

8. Reference and Ethical Guidelines

The implementation of this policy is informed by the principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), particularly the guidelines concerning retractions, expressions of concern, and post-publication corrections.

Relevant Guidelines:

COPE. Retraction Guidelines (2025).
COPE. Post-Publication Discussions and Corrections.
COPE. Ethics Toolkit for a Successful Editorial Office.

INVENTA: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar is committed to applying these principles in accordance with its editorial responsibilities, disciplinary focus, and commitment to ethical scholarly publishing.